Vladimir Tatlin and Naum Gabo Modern Art Essay -- compare, contrast, ar

This paper will explore Vladimir Tatlin and Naum Gabo differences on the role of the Avant-Garde artists and how their beliefs influence the kind of give out they produced. A pioneer of Russian design Vladimir Tatlin is a representative of Russian Realism. He left home when he was fifteen and served on the shipboard. When he became a painter, he often represented sailors in his pictures Art and culture in Russia after Revolution was a tool for creating industrially aesthetical reality. Tatlins spue The Monument to the Third International (1920) one that so much can be considered an architectural work as a sculptural piece, it constituted by a spiral of iron that is expanded diagonally and enclosed by walls of glass of a much higher height to that of the Eiffel tower. It was never embodied into life, however this project shows that tenderist order propagation was of primary concern for artists of the beginning of 20th century in Russia (Avant-Garde, Tatlin). Thus, in accordance wi th Tatlin, avant-garde artist transfers ideas of social reality of his modernity. In his project Tatlin wanted to reflect technological progress of post-revolutionary Russia. He was called artist of great culture, a true master, who is a devoted thespian for the proletarian revolution (Avant-Garde Abstraction in Constructivism). Tatlin, V. Model of the Monument to the Third InternationalNaum Gabo is another representative of Constructivism and in his Realist Manifesto (1920) Gabo claimed that it was relevant and in the tone of voice of an date to substitute static mass with a dynamic form. He said about himself making images to communicate my feelings of the world(Gabo, 1962). Gabo considered an artist as a talented master, who is able to catch up mome... ...sthetics and defends the liberty of creation he defends the subjective thing in the work of art, the conscious process of creation. In finding Vladimir Tatlin and Naum Gabo have differences on the role of the Avant-Garde artist. According to Tatlin, avant-garde artist transfer ideas of social reality of his modernity and Gabo claimed that it was relevant in the spirit of an epoch to substitute static mass with a dynamic form. Even though both Tatlin and Gabos work were influenced by conceptually different beliefs their works ar both represented abstractedly. Works CitedAvant-Garde Abstraction in Constructivism Vladimir Tatlins The Monument to the Third International. Available from Gabo, N. Of Divers Arts. New York Faber and Faber, 1962.

Benjamin Banneker :: History

Benjamin BannekerBenjamin Banneker was an astronomer, scientist, mathematician, surveyor, clock-maker, author, and social critic. Most notable about his accomplishments was that despite racial constraints and little formal education, he was a self-taught man. By the end of his life, his achievements were well-known around the world. Unlike many blacks of his time, Banneker was not born into slavery. The maternal side of his family determined this fate. His grandmother Mary Walsh was a white Englishwoman who was sentenced to seven years of servitude for stealing milk. She was sent from England to America to serve as an indentured servant. After she finished her sentence, she bought some land and two African slaves. She married one of them, named Bannaky, and they had many children, one of whom was named Mary. Like her mother, when Mary married, she bought a slave and married him. Mary and Robert had several children, including Banneker. Banneker was born in 1731 just exterior of Balt i much, Maryland. Bannekers education began in the early years of his childhood. Banneker and his siblings were taught to read by their grandmother Molly, who used the Bible as a lesson book. When Banneker was twelve, a Quaker named Peter Heinrich locomote next to the Banneker farm and established a school for boys, which Banneker attended. He excelled in mathematics and even progressed beyond the ability of his teacher. At the age of twenty-one, his abilities were finally utilized. He met a man named Josef Levi who showed him a pocket watch. Banneker was so fascinated that Levi gave him the watch. He studied how it worked, drew a picture of it, and made mathematical calculations for the parts. He worked on building the clock for two years. In 1753, it was completed. It was made of wood and he had carved the gears by hand. This was the first clock built in the United States. For more than forty years, the clock struck every hour. In addition to creating Americas first clock, Bannek er had an interest in astronomy. When Bannekers friend Andrew Ellicott died, he left him books on astronomy, scientific instruments, and a telescope. Banneker began to study astronomy and made mathematical calculations of the stars and constellations. He used these calculations to correctly predict a solar eclipse that took place on April 14, 1789. His abilities in astronomy and mathematics led him to create an almanac in 1792.

George Orwells Nineteen Eighty-Four 1984 :: Free Essays on 1984

The novel Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell is an American classic which explores the human mind when it comes to power, corruption, control, and the eventual(prenominal) utopian society. Orwell indirectly proposes that power given to the government will ultimately become corrupt and they will attempt to force all to conform to their champion set standard. He also sets forth the idea that the corrupted government will attempt to destroy any and all mental and physical impedance to their beliefs, thus eliminating any opportunity for achieving an utopian society.     The novel shows how the government attempts to control the minds and bodies of it citizens, such as Winston Smith who does non subscribe to their beliefs, through a modification of methods. The first obvious example arises with the large posters with the caption of " biggish Brother is Watching You" (page 5). These are the first pieces of evidence that the government is watching over i ts people. currently afterwards we learn of the "thought Police", who "snoop in on conversations, always watching your every move, controlling the minds and thoughts of the people." (page 6). To the corrupted government, physical control is non good enough, however. The only way to completely eliminate physical opposition is to first eliminate any mental opposition. The government is trying to control our minds, as it says "thought crime does not entail death thought crime is death." (page 27). Later in the novel the government tries even more drastic methods of control. Big Brother&8217s predictions in the Times are changed. The government is lying about production figures (pages 35-37). Even later in the novel, Syme&8217s name was left out on the Chess Committee list. He then essentially vanishes as though he had never truly existed (page 122). Though the methods and activities of the government seem rather extreme in Orwell&8217s novel, they may not be entirely too false. "Nineteen Eighty-Four is to the disorders of the ordinal century what Leviathan was to those of the seventeenth." (Crick, 1980). In the novel, Winston Smith talks about the people not being human. He says that "the only thing that can keep you human is to not allow the government to get inside you." (page 137). The corruption is not the only issue which Orwell presents, both directly and indirectly. He warns that absolute power in the transfer of any government can lead to the deprival of basic freedoms and liberties for the people.

Karl Marx :: essays research papers fc

Karl Heinrich Marx was born on May 5, 1818, in the city of Trier in Prussia, now, Germany. He was sensation of seven children of Jewish parents. His mother, Henrietta, was originally from Holland and never became a German at heart. Shortly before Marx was born, his father converted the family to Christianity and Karl was baptized at the age of six. In High School, Karl stood out amongst the other students. He seemed to be a devoted Christian. In 1835, he attended the University of Bonn but left after only a year and enrolled in the University of Berlin to study law and philosophy. While at Berlin, Marx joined the young Hegelians, a group organized by Hegal, a philosophy teacher. During this time, he &8220 came to believe that all the various sciences and philosophies were part of one overarching, which, when completed, would give a true and total picture of the universe and man. (Communist showo, Marx (Francis B. Randal), page 15)In October of 1842, Marx became the editor of the paper Rheinische Zeitung, and as editor, wrote editorials on socio-economic issues such as poverty, etc. He soon made editor-in-chief, but was quickly forced to step down due to his radical literature and social views. In 1843, he married Jenny Von Westphalen. In 1844, Marx met the man who would change his life forever. Both Engles and Marx had gone through the German Philosophic check and had come to the same conclusions but while Marx arrived at an understanding of the struggles an demands of the age basis of the French Revolution, Engles did so on the basis of English industry. (The Story of his Life, Mehring, page 93) In 1845, he left for Brussels, Belgium. It&8217s during these years that Marx is said to have really developed his views and his intellectual standing. In 1848, the Communist Manifesto or Manifest der Kommunistischen Parten was published in London. Marx and Engles wrote this book and its purpose was outlining ten measures toward Communism.In this, Marx predicts a confrontation between the working class and the higher class, the proletariat and the bourgeoisie. It also discusses the grandness of Communism, and the differences between his ideas and other parties&8217. The document ends in bold capital letters &8220WORKINGMEN OF ALL COUNTRIES, UNITE&8220The days of November 1850 fall almost exactly in the position of Marx&8217s liffe and they represent, not only externally, an important turning point in his life&8217s work.

Religion at the time of the Communist Manifesto Essay -- Karl Marx Rel

Religion at the time of the Communist Manifesto Following the Industrial Revolution in 19th century Europe, heighten was in full swing and religion began to have different meanings for different populate. The upper-class citizens used Religion, namely Christianity, and the power that it possessed in an attempt to take note their high status in society, while the lower class turned to organized religion so that their lives could possibly improve. Instead of religion being the cornerstone of faith and worship amongst all people, it was being used for power and money by the upper class. Even worse, religious leaders were using the upper class people as well, gaining money and authority from their endorsement. A man by the name of Karl Marx saw what was happening and thus spoke out about it, declaring religion as the opium of the people.1 He had a vision for equality, and wrote it down in the form of the Communist Manifesto however nowhere in this document were aspirat ions of religious harmony. Religion was suitable the catalyst for class separation and social mayhem in 19th century Europe, and according to Karl Marx, equality was only possible with the abolition of it as a whole. In a time where industry was at a peak, and the wealthy citizens, or bourgeois, were getting richer and richer, religion was being used as a focal point to make money and ensure the power of the upper class, while the lower class proletariats could but watch their lives fade away into the horrific conditions of the working class, with bantam hope due to the lack of lower class education.2 As religions spread out freely, the authoritarian peoples frequently used their power to embrace religion as a moneymaker, and prevent liberty from turning ... ...eger, 1961.) 334 Armstrong, 1785 Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, Manifesto of the Communist Party, trans. Samuel Moore (Chicago Charles H. Kerr Publishing Company, 1989)6 Friedrich Engels, The Condition of the Working-Class in England in 1844 (London Swan Sonnenschein & Co., 1892) 45, 48-51.7) McClellan, 638 Sherman, Dennis , and Joyce Salisbury. The air jacket in the World. (Boston McGraw Hill, 2001.) 6179 Lichtheim, 42.10 Butterfield, Herbert. Christianity in European History. (London Collins, 1951) 5.11 Sherman, Salisbury, 617LinksProfessor Santamarinas webpagehttp//www.marxist.com/Theory/marxism_and_religion.htmlhttp//www.faithnet.freeserve.co.uk/marxism.htmhttp//dwardmac.pitzer.edu/Anarchist_Archives/bookchin/comman.htmlhttp//www.marxists.org/archive/marx/index.htm

Religion at the time of the Communist Manifesto Essay -- Karl Marx Rel

Religion at the time of the Communist Manifesto Following the Industrial Revolution in 19th century Europe, convince was in full swing and religion began to have different meanings for different sight. The upper-class citizens used Religion, namely Christianity, and the power that it possessed in an attempt to sustainment their high status in society, while the lower class turned to belief so that their lives could possibly improve. Instead of religion being the cornerstone of faith and worship amongst all people, it was being used for power and money by the upper class. Even worse, religious leaders were using the upper class people as well, gaining money and authority from their endorsement. A man by the name of Karl Marx saw what was happening and thus spoke out about it, declaring religion as the opium of the people.1 He had a vision for equality, and wrote it down in the form of the Communist Manifesto however nowhere in this document were aspirations of reli gious harmony. Religion was bonny the catalyst for class separation and social mayhem in 19th century Europe, and according to Karl Marx, equality was only possible with the abolition of it as a whole. In a time where industry was at a peak, and the wealthy citizens, or bourgeois, were getting richer and richer, religion was being used as a path to make money and ensure the power of the upper class, while the lower class proletariats could but watch their lives fade away into the horrific conditions of the working class, with slender hope due to the lack of lower class education.2 As religions spread out freely, the authoritarian peoples frequently used their power to embrace religion as a moneymaker, and prevent liberty from turning ... ...eger, 1961.) 334 Armstrong, 1785 Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, Manifesto of the Communist Party, trans. Samuel Moore (Chicago Charles H. Kerr Publishing Company, 1989)6 Friedrich Engels, The Condition of the Working-Class in England in 1844 (London Swan Sonnenschein & Co., 1892) 45, 48-51.7) McClellan, 638 Sherman, Dennis , and Joyce Salisbury. The west in the World. (Boston McGraw Hill, 2001.) 6179 Lichtheim, 42.10 Butterfield, Herbert. Christianity in European History. (London Collins, 1951) 5.11 Sherman, Salisbury, 617LinksProfessor Santamarinas webpagehttp//www.marxist.com/Theory/marxism_and_religion.htmlhttp//www.faithnet.freeserve.co.uk/marxism.htmhttp//dwardmac.pitzer.edu/Anarchist_Archives/bookchin/comman.htmlhttp//www.marxists.org/archive/marx/index.htm

When Was Barbie Given Bendable Legs

Hatfield 1 Kristin Hatfield Professor Clark English 101 3037 Page 175 Assignment 4 Paper 5 October 31, 2012 Barbie An American Icon Icons like Barbie recognized for their popularity and effects on society. Barbie is a subject of obsession all over the world. Collectors, consumers and even some designers become enthralled in the Barbie world. Designers create special designs to score a specific trend of the high fashion runways. Collectors all over the world collect and spend amazing amounts of money to bewilder the original Barbie in their collection.The consumers have made Barbie a true icon in American culture. The Barbie hiss was invented in 1959 by Ruth Handler (co-founder of Mattel), whose own daughter was called Barbara. The Barbie doll was introduced to the world at the American Toy Fair in New York City. Barbies job was teenage fashion doll. In 1965, Barbie first had bendable legs, and eyes that diffuse and shut. In 1967, a Twist N Turn Barbie was released that had a mo veable body that twisted at the waist. The best-selling Barbie doll ever was 1992 Totally cop Barbie, with hair from the top of her head to her toes.The first Barbie was sold for $3. Additional clothing based on the latest runway trends from Paris were sold, costing from $1 to $5. In the first year (1959), 300,000 Barbie dolls were sold. To twenty-four hours, a mint condition 1 (1959 Barbie doll) can fetch as much as $27,450. To date, over 70 fashion designers have made clothes for Mattel, using over 105 million yards of fabric. Barbie has had a huge impact on the fashion industry for over fifty years. . (Mary Bellis, About. com Guide) Hatfield 2 This is what the proportions of a life- surface Barbie doll would look likeImage from (thefrisky. com) There has been some controversy over Barbie Dolls figure when it was realized that if Barbie was a real person her measurements would be an unattainable 36-18-38. Barbies real measurements are 5 inches (bust), 3 ? inches (waist), 5 3/16 inches (hips). Her weight is 7 ? ounces, and her height is 11. 5 inches tall. These measurements seem unattainable to me as a woman living in a world of super-sized portions of food at every corner. Nevertheless, Mattel has also responded to concerns about Barbies body.In 1997 Barbies body mold was redesigned and given up a wider waist, which would make her better suited to contemporary fashion designs. (The Examiner. com) I can clearly remember my first Barbie. I was five years old. It was Christmas day and I was very excited to own my very own Barbie. Along with the doll I also received a dream house, a tap corvette, swimming pool, and even a Ken doll to make the Barbie world complete. I was instantly obsessed with the idea and the make believe life I imagined for my dolls. Not once did I ever think of these dolls as role models or as having a certain body image that I mustiness follow n order to be accepted in society.Unfortunately, a lot of mothers and women believe that the doll has made youngish women obsessive about their size and looks. Hatfield 3 Overall, this American Icon has influenced our culture in a way Mattel probably never could have ever imagined. Barbie is a doll that creates and follows fashion trends incisively as the world does. This iconic doll has changed her clothing, hairstyles, automobiles, friends, houses and pets. Barbie is one doll that never goes out of style and has made fashion dolls a great pastime for collectors and children young and old.

Dress Standards at Work: You Are What You Wear, Really? Essay

Clothing is a powerful tool for identity twirl and can be recognized as a stamp of self-expression. Simply put, clothes make the man (Mark Twain, 1927). In modern day situations, women argon gradually engaging in manipulation of pull in fig out to construct identities and manage impressions as the emphasis on clothes and appearance increases (Guy & Banim, 2000). While there appears to be evidence for the argument that female employees require with clothing as a means of how they construct their image in the shitplace, their robes decisions are often restricted by strict regulatory governance on clothing (Peluchette, Karl & Rust, 2006). Before delving further into the various types of strict regulatory clothing regime involved, it is critical to have a well-defined understanding round the relationship between a charwomans fertilisation and her identity in unified black market settings (Peluchette, Karl & Rust, 2006). The style in which women adjust reflects deeply the warmness of who and what they truly are in terms of their identity (Findley, Fretwell, Wheatley & Ingram, 2006).It is believed that women use clothing to define as well as communicate her identity to others. According to Davis and Lennon (as cited in Peluchette, Karl & Rust, 2006), women strategically select clothing according to the image they wish to honk to others. If this is the case, observers in usageplaces should be able to make sense of and show consensus with regards to the information the woman is bringing across in her clothing cues at organize, as well as substantially agree between the perceived meaning of clothing cues and the her factual identity. However, that is only valid if the pass away attire women don on is specifically determined by them to represent themselves in their respective body of works. Put differently, the ability of women in managing their identities in workplaces through effective fertilization depends on the extent of their immunity of cho ice when it comes to clothing decisions. Therefore, this paper will begin by exploring arguing for the slipway in which dressing of women is restricted by external influences, and conclude that their clothing cues may not be related to true identity of women as freedom of dressing is compromised. Compeverys desire for professional imageIn todays world, many companies enforce strict dress codes on women in orderto gain the merit of a workforce labor with a professional image (Cardon & Okoro, 2009). Knowing that a female employees appearance at work has a direct involve on the companys image, many organizations establish and enforce regulatory regime on work clothing to experience that the organization is best represented in a professional manner (Findley, Fretwell, Wheatley & Ingram, 2006). From a corporate perspective, it appears that formal dress codes are usually associated with increased professionalism. For example, when women turn out white blouses, black blazers and black knee-length skirts, they are said to appear more authoritative, influential, powerful, confident and competent (Cardon & Okoro, 2009).Since work attire of women has a direct impact on their ability to attract clients as well as acquire new business for the company, most companies end up monitoring and dictating dress policies that imply for a regulated attire such as sensible dark suits and A-line skirts (McPherson, 1997 Findley, Fretwell, Wheatley & Ingram, 2006). This effectively restricts the diversity of work attire works women are allowed to don in their workplaces. As a result, womens ability to demonstrate their true identities through dressing is often restricted by an enforced corporate attire and identity. That is to say, organizations implicitly control office ladies work attire by stating clothing policies that mandate a satisfactory level of dress standard.For instance, female employees in particularly orthodox industries such as banks and law firms are prohibit fro m wearing sundresses, mini skirts, jeans or shorts during work time (Rafaeli & Pratt, 1993). While employers redefine the parameters of workplace attire and dictate womens attire to project the desired professional identity the company desires, working women lose their choice of freedom to dress accordingly to how they essential themselves to be seen. Hence, they end up succumbing to clothing attire and a prescribed work identity that is determined primarily by organizational rules (Rafaeli & Pratt, 1993).Homogenous work attireOn a similar note, womens ability to communicate their actual identities across to observers may also be constrained by incumbent on(predicate) homogenous dressing in corporate scenes. One classic example would be the white color dress in health service administrations that is make compulsory, as it is believed to communicate the code of cleanliness in the health industry.Likewise, the feminine style of work attire at Mary Kay Cosmetics that strictly dictate s only dress and no pants indicates the feminine values that the manager of the organization identifies as fundamental identity to the organization (Rafaeli and Pratt, 1993). It can be observed then, when women in such working places are involved in a common pattern of clothing imposed on them by their employers, their identity is merely the product of their companies image and attributions earlier then individual choice towards identity construction.In like manner, pink-collared female employees are compelled to wear company uniforms in customer-contact jobs, such as fast nutriment restaurants, for easier identification. For instance, all female employees in the aviation industry were made to conform to a mandatory dress code not only because they were constantly in public contact and directly represent the airline companys brand image, but also in order for them to be easily recognized in flight. The meaning of clothing cues, in such scenarios, reflects the brand identity of the organizations the women represent, and in this case, the airline industry. Uniformity ordained by strict dress regulations explicitly forbids women from exercising freedom of dress, thereby disallowing them to communicate their identities across effectively in workplaces. As a result, the information present in the clothing cues of women in corporate scenes where dressing is dictated by higher authority may not be demonstrative of their actual identities.Governed by societal expectationWomens choices of dressing in workplaces are not based on essential requirements of their actual identity, but rather on socially constructed norms, which are barriers to their attempts at identity construction through dressing. Governance by societal expectations can be understood in terms of gender norms, as well as workplace roles, some(prenominal) of which attribute certain image to be expected of female workers across work organizations. Socially constructed gender norms forbid certain styles o f working attire of women, those of which are deemed to fall outside commonly understood gender norms. For instance, women are expected to conform and dress according to the stereotypical attitudes about women in workplaces (Martucci & Zheng, 2007).Female employees were prohibited from wearing working clothes that were deemed too masculine, and were expected to dress more femininely as well as wear more jewelry (Martucci & Zheng, 2007). Otherwise, they will be prone to sexual discrimination based on societys sex stereotypes (Martucci & Zheng, 2007). When it comes to gender subordination of dress choices, the socially enforced appearance for work dress standards inevitably construct a subordinated image of working women. In other words, womens clothing decisions are confined to the subjective qualities of femaleness in workplaces. In this case, womens ability to manage gender identity according to their psychological preference, or their external demonstration of gender in workplaces is restricted by societys sexually stereotypical assumption about femininity.Similarly, societal expectations about womens workplace roles also limit their ability to manage identity through dressing. Put differently, societys perceptions of womens workplace roles have a large part to play in influencing their attire at work. encase in point, a female professor dressed in casual style of dress comprising jeans, sports shirt and sneakers was rated as having less status and teaching energy than herself when dressed formally in dark suit and white blouse (Rafaeli & Pratt, 1993).As certain attire project various characteristic, women at work often scrape up themselves adopting patterns of dress that are required to not only be accepted, but rather expected of them in their societys context. In a way, women in such corporate work settings find themselves having to dress in a way that fulfills workplace roles designated to them by society. Both forms of societal expectations describe situations in which the work attire of women reflects a form of informal regulatory regime on clothing. Such socially enforced regulation on womens work attire eventually affects the outcome of womens identity, as they dutifully comply with the obligatory dress standards, and end up being inappropriately identified as products governed by societal expectations.Opposing viewpointsNaysayers claim that the corporate world is changing the way it dresses in such time of increasing acceptance towards dressing down in workplaces (McPherson, 1997 Peluchette, Karl & Rust, 2006). Many corporations are now embracing the new style called business casual as they begin to steer away from mandatory formal workplace attire. According to Cadwell (as cited in McPherson, 1997), a study on 1000 companies reveals that almost half of the companies surveyed implemented regular dress-down days throughout the year. The trend of casual dressing adopted by many corporations today permit female employees to le t their hair down without having to worry about the need to conform to strict dress codes (McPherson, 1997). As such, working women, as a matter of fact, have the freedom to engage with clothes to create, reveal or conceal aspects of their identity they want to project at their workplaces (Guy & Banim, 2000).While it is true that there is a trend towards casual dressing at work, it comes with a down side for it causes confusion with regards to what is considered casual nevertheless acceptable. In other words, as companies frown upon the allowance of certain forms of casual outfit women don on at workplaces, it is arguable whether dress codes these days any less restrictive or not (McPherson, 1997). The trend towards casual dressing allows for women at work to dress casually, albeit within reason and observing workplace propriety, which in other words, means that womens work attire are still within control of the organizations they are associated with.As corporations impose guidelin es for casual dressing by forbidding denim clothing, T-shirts, tank tops and cowboy boots for example, female attire wearers still suffer limitations (McPherson, 1997). This comes off as an unspoken rule on work attire that casts casual dressing as a faux freedom. Therefore, even though casual dressing has allowed for women to manage work attire, many companies still call up to control and limit their clothing decisions through casual business wear policies. In addition, regulatory regime on dress attire has long been a workplace mainstay in certain industries to begin with, such as the food industry, aviation or the bank (McPherson, 1997). Hence, it is understood that not all industries, especially the conservative companies, favor casual dressing and dress down days in the corporate scene.ConclusionIn conclusion, dress code requirements imposed by corporations interfere with womens ability to manage identities in workplaces. As womens freedom of dress at work is compromised, scan t regard is given towards the splendor of self-presentation and identity construction. Regulatory rules on work attire are merely subordinating standard of appearance imposed on women, identifying them as products of companys brand identity or societal expectations, effectively diminishing working womens ability to constantly manage and revise their identities through dressing.REFERENCESGuy, A., & Banim, M. (2000). Personal Collections womens clothing use and identity. Journal of Gender Studies, 9(3), 313-327. doi10.1080/095892300750040512 http//web.ebscohost.com.libproxy.smu.edu.sg/ehost/detail?vid=5&hid=112&sid=5cd5916b-4ab8-4541-9df1-59556e08c386%40sessionmgr113&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRldb=a9h&AN=3889122Cardon, P. W., & Okoro, E. A. (2009). Professional characteristics communicated by formal versus casual workplace attire. Business talk Quarterly, 72(3), 355-360. http//ehis.ebscohost.com.libproxy.smu.edu.sg/eds/detail?vid=3&hid=120&sid=9c71b583-73c9-43f4-90b9-9 2c68bf56683sessionmgr110&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ==db=bth&AN=43666664Peluchette, J. V., Karl, K., & Rust, K. (2006). Dressing to Impress Beliefs and Attitudes Regarding Workplace Attire. Journal Of Business And Psychology, 21(1), 45-63. http//ehis.ebscohost.com/eds/detail?vid=2&hid=101&sid=1d70c8d0-5feb-4488-ada5-9d4f2ac1018e%40sessionmgr4&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ%3d%3ddb=edsjaf&AN=10.2307.25473469Rafaeli, A., & Pratt, M.J. (1993). TAILORED MEANINGS ON THE MEANING AND IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL DRESS. Academy Of Management Review, 18(1), 32-55. http//ehis.ebscohost.com/eds/detail?vid=3&hid=115&sid=a2a67364-d589-4b09-a81d-ccf898264642%40sessionmgr4&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ%3d%3ddb=bth&AN=3997506Martucci, W. C., & Zheng, L. (2007). Gender identity and gender expression Considerations for the national employer. Employment Relations Today (Wiley), 34(2), 79-87. doi10.1002/ert.20155 http//ehis.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=07fa66 9d-bf81-4d64-a697

IKEA Customer Loyalty Essay

Customer loyalty is all about attracting the right customer, getting them to buy, buy often, buy in higher(prenominal) quantities and bring you even more(prenominal) customers. In short, you hold customer loyalty by treating people how they want to be treated. There are many ship canal by which IKEA builds customer loyalty. The goal of the loyalty program is to reward IKEAs best customers with discounts and special offers throughout the store. The online business of Ikea was developed as a dash of generating greater loyalty among the customer base, as it is this that ultimately delivers greater sales and profitability. This was the view of Adri Kraa, head of Ikea Shop Online, expressed at the Retail Bulletin pinnacle 2009 when he suggested that only five percent more retention through loyal customers could deliver as much as 60 percent more profits. Through a desire to give customers greater empowerment and convenience the decision was taken to launch the Ikea online store.IKEAs kiosk-based loyalty program IKEA FAMILY has attracted more than 1.6 one thousand thousand members since its launch a few months ago. IKEA FAMILY offers special offers and benefits to customers, as well as program-branded merchandise and promotional events. The Kiosks, which are built, serviced and monitored by Kiosk Information Systems, allow new-made members to enroll and receive a membership card on the spot. The kiosks also encourage existing members to scan their cards for a chance to win a monthly $100 FAMILY Sweepstakes, as well as view exclusive current IKEA FAMILY discounts and offers. Mobile is playing an increasingly important role for IKEA as it continues to build momentum for its loyalty program. Mobile is a key part of the strategy, with employees using in-store tablets to sign-up new customers and IKEA sending out SMS alerts to keep consumers updated on new products.

Succubus Heat CHAPTER 10

Dante promptly passed out afterwards sex later that night, entirely I stayed a wash for a while. Rolling over at last, I morose my sanction to him and stared at my bedside table. Id set Seths book in that location, and now its spine stared out at me, standardized we were having a show eat up to command who would look a direction(p) first. Seth had willn it to me as a gift, possibly a peace forthering, yet I was afraid of it, afraid of how I might looking if I opened it.After ten minutes of staring, I fin each(prenominal)y reached for the book and scooted closer to the beds edge so that I could puff to a extensiveer extent light from my slender exercise lamp. Curling onto my side, I took a deep breath and opened up All Fools Night .First came the title page, because the dedication For my niece Brandy, who dreams of large(p) things and will achieve greater ones still . It was embarrassing, but I had almost for a morsel speculated whether he might have dedicated the bo ok to me. Hed sunk it right around the time we first started dating, but hed been editing and making small changes right up until the time we broke up. It was vanity, I supposed, to study there might be some sign of my time with Seth in the book.Yet, when I turned the page, I wondered. Before the first chapter, Seth always had a quote, something from a speech or possibly a verse from a poem that was relevant to the book. This was from a songAnd if I only couldId make a deal with GodAnd Id construct Him to swap our places Running Up That Hill, by Kate BushI analyse the lyrics a couple of generation, wondering if there was more to them or if I rightful(prenominal) wanted there to be more to them. Id heard the song a long time ago, and it had had that poppy synth feel so crude to music in the 1980s. I didnt recall this riveicular part. Finally, dragging my eyes away, I moved onto the heart of the book.Before meeting Seth, Id rationed myself while reading his novels. I would onl y read five pages a day because Id wanted to prolong the sweetness of that first reading. When something was really ripe, it was easy to dive into it, and before you knew it, the moment was bygone. Youd burned through it. I experienced that too frequently in my long existence, and a strict reading schedule was a weak sweat to slow things down. When I colonised into this book, though, I didnt really have a plan, and before long, I knew stopping at five pages was impossible.It was exquisite. While he had a few self-standing novels, this series-Cady and ONeill-was his flagship one. At its basic level, this was vertical a mystery book, yet there was a wonderful, lyrical quality to Seths writing that elevated him above the musical genre ghetto. Sure, there was action and a trail of clues, but his characters were also evolving, always growing in ways both(prenominal) wonderful and heartbreaking. Seth had a way of describing their feelings and their reactions in a style that was so real, it resonated with my own life and left an ache in my chest. Whether that was for his art or for the man himself, I couldnt say.It was only when Dante turn over over that Id realized Id been sniffling.Are you crying, succubus?Its this book, I said.I had just read a section where Cady and ONeill were having a profound talk to the highest degree life, and ONeill had commented that all people were seeking both damnation and forgiveness, needing each to make sense of their existence. I was crying because it was true and because Seth had enjoyn it was true.There are a lot of things to cry about in this world, Dante said through a yawn. Not sure a book should be one of them.The clock read 4 a.m. by that point, and my eyes were bleary from tears and a need to sleep. I put down Seths book-which I was now more than half-way through-and turned off the light. Dante shifted and threw an arm around me, resting his chin on my shoulder. His breathing grew heavy and regular, and before long , I joined him in sleep.The phone woke me up at an ungodly arcminute later in the morning. Dante was gone already. I found that surprising, but seeing as he hadnt gotten three hours of sleep, it might not have been that much of a leap.Hello? Finding the phone had been feat enough, let alone checking the caller ID. A frantic voice answered me.Georgina? This is Blake.Blake? I didnt think I knew any Blake.Dont class me you forgot about us?He pronounced about as aboot, and it came back to me through my sleep-addled brain. Oh, God. Im sorry. Blake. From the Army. Him calling me couldnt be a good sign. I sat up straighter in bed. Whats termination on?Theyre doing something todayIm not supposed to allege anyone, but Im worried. I dont know much, except that its big.I was up and moving now, turn and h give vent shape-shifting as I walked. Do you have anything else? A time or place?Not yet. Evans being really secretive about what hes sexual intercourse us. He says the Angel wants it to be a need-to-know-thing and that we wont mark out the details until the absolute last minute.Fuck. I suspected the Angel was also trying to place my knowledge as well. Flattering, but frustrating. Okay, well, listen, Im in Seattle, but Im getting on the road right now. I should be there in twain hours.You cant get up here in two hours, he said incredulously.I can if I dont drive the speed limit.There was a bit of over-crowding within the city itself, but once I got a little north of it, the traffic cleared up. It was the morning commute ein truthone wanted to get into Seattle. in one case I had clear highway ahead of me, I dialed Cedric. I knew he wasnt going to like my lack of information, but considering how angry hed been after last time, I had to at least make the attempt here to keep myself out of trouble. It was Kristin who answered.Hes having breakfast right now, she told me. Its kind of a special time for him. He doesnt like to be disturbed. There was an anxious tone to her voice, and I could almost picture her arranging a breakfast tray just-so for him.Yeah, well, he might be disturbed whether he likes it or not. I told her what Blake had said, and her response was similar to mine.Thats all youve got?Their Angels working on a need-to-know basis now, I said bitterly. Ill let you know more when I learn more. I just figured Cedric should know.She sighed. Youre right. Thanks. Man, this is going to piss him off. Hell have no appetite at all.I made the drive in the two hours Id quoted Blake and miraculously didnt get tweaked over. I hadnt heard from him the entire time, so I dialed him once I was over the border and buying coffee. Id found a Starbucks and took a secret thrill in defying the Tim Hortons domination. Exceptonce I had the coffee in hand, I decided a donut would be really good with it, so I walked over and got one from the Tims across the street.Blake didnt answer, so I tried Evan bordering and also got no answer. Frustrated, I drove over to Evans bear and knocked on the door for a while. I was just about on the verge of climbing in through a back window when my phone rang again-and ironically, it was Evan himself.Georgina he exclaimed, sounding ecstatic. Where are you? We need you here.Where are you ? I demanded.On the observation deck, he said.Observation deck of what?The Space Needle. You live close by, dont you?I close to dropped the phone. Youre in Seattle ?Yeah I could perfectly picture that eager, zealous look of his. Cool, huh? The Angel wanted us to expand our message. So, were all up here with these banners that were going to unfurl at the same time, and then weve got a few more surprises to-Evan, I begged, sprinting toward my car. Dont do it. Youre stirring up more trouble than you realize.Thats the point he chuckled. How long until you can be here?Once I told him I wasnt in the city, he lost interest, and my pleas became meaningless. As soon as we disconnected, I dialed Cedric, expecting to get Kristin . Instead, I got his voice mail. Somehow, that made me angry.Cedric, this is Georgina. The Army isnt doing their thing here-theyre down in Seattle right now. I hope you finally believe I didnt have anything to do with their stupid plans now When Jerome finds out, its going to be my ass on the line, and knowing my luck, hell think you and I are working together.Yes, this was one of those situations in which there was no way I could win. I was going to get in trouble no matter what I did, but again, I had to attempt damage control. Jerome had a cell phone that he never answered and didnt crimson have voice mail for. Hugh was the best way to get a hold of him-but he didnt fill up either.Damn it I cried into his phone. Doesnt anyone answer their fucking phones anymore? I gave him a hasty recap of what was happening and told him to let Jerome or one of the demonesses know about the cults plans, or else Jerome was going to get the same scrutiny from the higher-ups that Cedric had been g etting.After that, there was nothing left for me to do except hit the road to Seattle again-something I was not happy about. Fortunately, I was fully outside the commuting times now and again could enjoy easy driving as I zipped down I-5 at 75. Pretty Hate Machine blared on my speakers and was oddly soothing to my agitated mood. I eventually fell into that trance-like state drivers often get, with one part of my brain watching the road and the other frantically wondering if my warning had reached any of the Seattle demons in time to intercept the Army.I had just cleared Everett, about a half-hour outside of Seattle, when it hit me.A jolt of electricity shot through my body, making the world spin and my vision blur. I snarl hot all over. My hands slipped on the wheel, nearly causing me to swerve into the dwell lane. I had just enough bearings to slam on my hazard lights and pull off on the shoulder before I hit someone. A wave of nausea rolled through my stomach, then settled down, then move through me again. Shifting the car into park, I put my head down on the steering wheel, hoping for some clarity. There was a buzzing in my ears, and my substantial body shook.What the hell? I didnt get sick. Ever. The only thing that could really affect me like this was drinking too much or indulging in other substances. Id had food poisoning a couple of times, but it had been short-lived, and somehow I doubted that donut Id had was doing this to me.I lifted my head up a little, but the world kept rocking. Closing my eyes, I rested my cheek against the steering wheel and took a few deep breaths, hoping I wouldnt throw up. I had no idea what was going on here, but it would pass. It had to pass.And it did-a little. I dont know how long I sat like that, maybe about fifteen minutes, but the next time I dared a peek up, the dizziness had lessened. The nausea was still there, but it too had dropped to a lower level. Deciding to risk it, I turned back onto I-5, anxious to fini sh my drive to the city and figure out what was wrong with me.I made it back to town without causing an accident and nearly fell over trying to make it up my buildings stairs. I didnt even bother with my suitcase and simply left it in the car. Once in my apartment, I headed straight for my room and crashed on the bed. Aubrey joined me and peered curiously at my face. I gave her a few pets, then let my hand slip down as I fell asleep, too weak to hold it up any longer.I woke up almost two hours later, shaken out of sleep by knocking at my door. I sat up, relieved to find my stomach had settled. The light-headedness had also gone away. Maybe the donut had been defective after alland yet, I had this weird feeling-this tiny, nagging suspicion-that something wasnt right. Only, I had no clue or evidence as to what it was. Ignoring it for now, I stumbled out to the living room and opened my door, not even bothering to look out the peephole.Cody and Peter stood there, both of them grinning from ear to ear. What do you want? I asked, stepping aside for them when the door opened. I was sleeping.I can tell by your hair, said Peter, flouncing on my couch. And what are you doing asleep? Its the middle of the day.Still groggy, I squinted at my clock. It was a little after three. Yeah, I know. I didnt feel good. Its weird. I just suddenly felt wiped out and dizzy.That smile had never left Codys face. He sat beside Peter. How do you feel now?I shrugged and settled onto my loveseat. Fine, I guess. A little tired, but the worst is over. That nondescript something isnt right here feeling was still with me, though.You shouldnt be cooped up inside, said Peter. Its a great day.Look at all the sun, agreed Cody. Its like summer came early.I followed his gaze to the window. Warm golden light spilled in onto my floor, much to Aubreys delight, and beyond the neighboring building, I could see blue sky. Still, I wasnt impressed. Were still into spring. This is a fluke. Itll probably be c old tomorrow.Peter shook his head. You sure are grumpy when you wake up. They both seemed so absurdly pleased with themselves, and I couldnt figure out why.Maybe you should get outside, said Cody, exchanging smirks with Peter. We were going to go for a walk after this. It might cheer you up.Yup. Nothing like a bright, sunny afternoon to perk up the old spirits. Peters grin grew even bigger.I leaned my head back against the loveseat. Okay, okay. Whats the joke Im missing here?No joke, said Peter. We just think its a great day.A beautiful, sunny day, Cody concurred.Will you two stop already? I get it. Its a nice day. The sun is out the, the birds are singing-I stopped. I felt my eyes go wide.I looked at the smirking vampires, then looked at the sun-filled world outside, and then looked back at them. I swallowed.How, I asked quietly, are you guys out in the middle of the day?Their pent-up mirth exploded, and they both dissolved into laughter.I felt wide awake now. Im serious Whats goin g on? You cant be out in daylight, and how-wait. I didnt sense you guys at the door. I still cant sense you.I know, said Cody. Isnt it crazy?No Well, I mean, yes. But its notits not supposed to happen, I argued. I didnt understand how they could find this so entertaining. Something was wrong. Very wrong. All the drama with the Army was gone from my mind. That niggling business that Id woken up with turned into a hard knot of fear. My heart was mallet in my chest, and Id gone cold all over. How is this possible? The sun should fry you.Hell if we know, said Peter. We were in our coffins and then just suddenlywoke up. We got out, and there we were. tabu and about in the middle of the day. You know what else? I dont want blood. No desire whatsoever. Not even a drop.And so what, you guys just decide to go stroll around and enjoy the day? You didnt contact Jerome? You didnt question the fact that something has seriously altered your divinity fudge existence?A mischievous look traverse Peters face. Not just us, Georgina.They both watched me expectantly.Dont look at me like that, I told them. Ive always been able to go out in the sun.You dont have a sense of touch either. We cant sense you, said Cody.I stared at them for several heavy seconds, trying to parse the meaning here. An uneasy feeling began building in my stomach as I recognized their implication-except what they were implying was impossible. Unthinkable.Youre wrong, I said.Slowly, carefully, I touched my face. It was exactly the same as it had been this morning. My build was the same. My height was the same. I was still me.I exhaled with relief. Im the same.Peters eyes danced. contract your hair. Its a mess.Shape-shifting is an instinct for a succubus or incubus, practically subconscious. Its like tightening a muscle or taking a deep breath. You barely think about it, send the message from your brain, and it happens. So, I thought about my hair, willing it to smooth out and tidy itself into a ponytail . There was usually a slight tingle when that happened, resulting from the burn of using up a piece of my stored energy. And of course, there was always the tangible evidence-the actual change of my appearance.This time, there was nothing. No tingle. No hair movement.Peter leaned forward. Ooh, it did happen to you Youre the same. None of us are working.No, I said frantically. Thats not possible.I tried again, willing my hair to change-to turn a different color, grow short, restyle itselfbut there was nothing. I tried to shift my clothes, urging my jeans and Henley to become a slip dress. Or maybe a wind suit. I even attempted to make my clothes disappear altogether.Nothing happened.Nothing .In pure desperation, I did the unthinkable I tried to give up the unconscious hold I always maintained in order to keep a form that wasnt my natural one. I let go of all control, allowing my body to shift back to the one I was born with, the one my essence always wanted to return to-the one I fo ught very, very hard to hide from the world.Nothing happened. I stayed the same.I couldnt shape-shift.It was like having my arm cut off. Until that moment, I didnt realize how much of my self was tied into shape-shifting. As a mortal, the power had been unimaginable. After having it for a millennium and a half, it had become part of me, and its absence was now unbearable. I didnt have to see my face to know I wore pure panic. Peter and Cody were still laughing.I shot up, incredulous. This isnt funny, I cried. We have to talk to Jerome. Now. Theres something seriously wrong with usOr right, suggested Cody.Why do you think this is a joke?We dont, said Peter calmly. Underneath his mirth, I saw the tiniest bit of concern in his eyes, concern he was clearly trying to skip for now. We just think its cool. You dont think Jerome already knows about this? Whatever it is, theyll fix it soon enough. Nothing we can change.The tirade I was about to unleash on them was interrupted by more knocki ng. Just like with the vampires, I sensed no immortal signature. Anyone could have been at my door. Yet, peering out the peephole, I saw Hugh. I let him in, feeling relieved. Hugh would sort this out. He always knew what was going on since he and Jerome maintained such constant communication. Hughs confidence and typical know-it-all air would fix everything.Instead, he looked miserable. Dejected. He trudged in and dropped onto where Id just been sitting. He put his elbows on his knees and rested his chin in his hands.Hey, Hugh, said Cody. Isnt it a great day?I knelt down on the floor in front of Hugh, so I could look straight into his eyes.Hugh, whats going on?He simply stared at me, dark eyes mournful and bleak. Id seen Hugh angry, elated, and exasperated over the years, but Id never seen him depressed. It would have bothered me, if not for the fact we had a few other things to worry about than his hurt feelings just now.Hugh Weve all lost our I frowned, not sure what to call it. P owers? That sounded too Justice League. abilities.I know, he said at last. So have I.What powers did you even have? asked Cody, apparently not minding the superhero comparison.Multitasking? teased Peter. The ability to balance books and collate?I shot him a quick glistering over my shoulder and then glanced at Cody to explain. Imps see souls-everyones life energy. They can tell whose soul is good and whose is bad.I know that, said Cody. I just thought there wasmore.Hugh sighed. You cant imagine it, Georgina. Not having that ability now. Its like losing one of my senses. Or going colorblind.I know exactly what you mean, I told him.Not likely. When you cant see energy and souls around living beings, the world is soempty. Its dull.Why did it happen? I asked gently, trying my best to squelch my own escalating fear. Internally, I was still reeling. My shape-shifting was gone. My immortal signature was gone. The marks that defined me as Georgina Kincaid, succubus, were gone. Whats going on?Hughs eyes were still sad and unfocused, but finally, he looked at me and studied my face, like hed just noticed me in front of him. We get our various gifts and immortality for selling our souls, he began slowly. Those unique abilities-and their side effects-come from our contract with Hell and are filtered through our archdemons. Its what lets them keep queer of us. Wereconnected He frowned, grasping at how to best explain the system through which Hell managed its employees.I know what youre talking about, I said. Cedric would know if I crossed into his territory simply because he could sense me when I was close enough. Jerome, so long as he was my supervisor, knew where I was at all times and if I was hurt. He was always aware of me, always tied to me. Ourpowersare transmitted from Hell, through Jerome, to us. correct, Hugh said. I waited for more, but that seemed to be all he had to say.Right what? Why are our abilities gone?A bit of the normal Hugh exasperation glinted in h is eyes. Because Jerome is gone.Jeromes gone all the time, Peter said. We can never get a hold of him. We cant get a hold of him now.Hugh shook his head. You arent getting it. When I say gone, I dont mean hiding from us at a bar. I mean gone . Vanished. Disappeared. Might as well not exist for all intents and purposes. No one knows where he is. Not our side, not the other side. He. Is. Gone. doomed silence hung around us for what felt like an eternity. And that was saying something.Peters voice was hard to hear when he finally spoke. And as long as hes gonethen so are our abilities, I finished.

With Reference to Relevant Research Studies, to What Extent Does Genetic Inheritance Influence Behavior?

There is currently a substantial body of research supporting the argument that thither is a genetic influence on numerous human bearings, such as homosexuality, intelligence and personality. One indication that behavior has a genetic basis is that behavior is often species specific. Examples include the warning behavior of prairie dogs or the mouth to mouth sharing of blood amongst vampire bats. The closer our genetic resemblance is to a sure species, the more(prenominal) behaviors we have in everyday. Since grand it has also been known that behavior mass be bred true, which is the reason why some breeds display specific behaviors.Behavior is also known to change in response to changes in biological structures or processes. Examples include the use of the SSRI drug which alters the reuptake of serotonin in the synapses and consequently our mood, or the loss of most-valuable cognitive functions due to brain damage. As the anatomical structure and the physiological processes de pend on our DNA we can infer that genes indirectly influence our behavior. It is Copernican to bear in mind that the brain can alter its structure from experience, but this capacity must clearly be genetically determined.Most researchers tick off that all behaviors ar more or less indirectly influenced by genes. Where they disagree is the extent to which genes influence behavior. Some behavior also come outs to be more influenced by genes than others. The influence of cognitive, social and cultural factors on behavior cannot be denied, and even though there may be a genetic sensibility for many disorders, the extent to which the genotype is expressed in its phenotype will depend on environmental influences.The stress-vulnerability model, for instance, assumes that the onset and symptoms of mental disorders are influenced by three interacting factors biological, environmental and protecting factors that may protect the individual against development of a disorder. A study that i llustrates the fundamental interaction of genes and environment on behavior is a molecular genetic science study by Caspi et al. (2003). Caspi et al. investigated the relationship amid the 5-HTT gene and occurrence of depression in 847 New Zealanders. The 5-HTT gene is responsible for the production of serotonin in the body, which in turn has an influence on our mood.A DNA sample was taken of each participant, who also was asked to answer a questionnaire on depression. In order to tally the participants honesty in their self report, their responses were cross checked with a friend of their own choice. The researchers also controlled for levels of stressful life events. The results showed that participants with a short allele on the 5-HTT gene had an increased vulnerability for depression mingled with the ages of 21 to 26. The study also found that the participants only had developed depression if they had ingested from stressful life events, no matter whether they had a propensi ty for the disorder or not.Replications of the Caspi study in different countries by Chiao and Blizinsky (2010) further support a gene environment interaction for depression. They investigated the prevalence of the short allele in the 5-HTT gene in different populations and found that there are higher frequencies in populations that are considered to have a collectivist culture, such as Asians, and that there are lower frequencies in populations with an individualist culture, such as Europeans or North Americans. This seems counter-intuitive, considering that depression is more common in individualist cultures than collectivist cultures.Asians should genetically be more prone to depression than Europeans and North Americans, yet Europeans and North Americans are more likely to suffer from it. The research is suffering from several methodological problems. It is possible that depression is as common or in the East as in the West, but that it is underreported. If the entropy is to b e trusted, it suggests that Asian cultures may have better protective factors against the development of depression compared to Western culture, such as better social support.These findings raise potential ethical issues of discrimination and prejudice. Because of the methodological weaknesses of the research, the findings are not conclusive. Most research supports an interaction between genes and environment on behavior. Genetic research on correspond and families usually measure the degree of similarity in characteristics, such as intelligence, between genetically related and unrelated individuals. From this comparison, a harmony rate between 0 and 100 is calculated.If the rate is close to 100, the behavior is assumed to have a strong genetic basis. On the other hand, if the rate is low, environmental factors are thought to play a major part. Some of behaviors that have the highest concordance rates are homosexuality, schizophrenia, alcoholism, general mood levels, and intellig ence, with average concordance rates between 60 and 70. Behaviors with lower concordance rates include depression, personality, religious values, political beliefs and vocational interests, with average concordance rates of around 30 %.It may seem curious that some of the latter behaviors have a small genetic component, and it is possible that the concordance rates are flawed by methodological issues. The concordance rates fluctuate between studies of the same behavior. This may be due poor control of confounding variables. Some relationships may be purely coincidental, such as in a famous study by Bouchard where two identical twins raised apart had a wife with the same consult and in addition had named their son by the same name.Even if monozygotic twins that are raised in different families make for similar behavior, it can also be because they are raised in similar social and cultural settings, because they look similar and hence are treated the same, or because they exercise similar behavior patterns of adopted children. Also, one cannot rule out that researcher expectancies and small sample sizes can influence the concordance rates. Finally, there is a take a crap validity problem of the studied behaviors. Concepts such as intelligence lack an agreed upon definition, and some mental disorders are viewed differently in different countries.It is therefore difficult to compare concordance rates between such studies, as they are measuring different concepts. Even so, it is possible that if personality and talent has a genetic component, individuals may be biologically more inclined to some interests than others, and thus may be more likely to adapt a certain value system or vocation. Even though there are methodological problems involved in genes and behavior research, there is overwhelming evidence that there is an influence of genetic inheritance on most behaviors. The extent of this genetic influence is however still controversial, and may vary dependi ng on the behavior.

A Drinking Life: A Memoir

A Drinking Life by Pete Hamill is the story of sensation mans struggle with drinking and the contributing factors that caused him to be become an alcoholic. A large part of his argument is that during his childhood and adolescence it was considered cool to drink heavily. He stated There was a rejoicing and you got drunk.There was a victory and you got drunkpart of being a man was to drink. (p. 57) P atomic number 18nts have great authority over the formation of social habits of their children even if the children are not aware of this influence. parents and peers affect adolescent drinking through two types of social influence modeling and social control. (Reifman, Barnes, Dintcheff, Farrell & Uhteg, 1998)Hamills father was an alcoholic so he was introduced to it at a young age. Many of his memories are of his father passed out or extremely drunk and he claims this role model gave him the estimate that men were supposed to drink. Children of alcoholic parents have a higher risk to be alcoholics themselves. According to Tomori (1994) Such adolescents use alcohol to relieve anxiety, reduce dissatisfaction and mistrust, and reelect vent to accumulated aggression.In adolescents brought up in alcoholic family environments, alcohol, entering through several receptor sites, fills many gaps left over from the development period anterior to separation. Their parentseither the alcoholic parent, or the partner living with him/her in co-dependency, or both of themwho are themselves filled with distress, depression, and anxiety, usually cling to their children while at the uniform time manifesting overt signs of resentment and rejection.In this state of pathological ambivalence, they both reject their children and try to tie them to themselves, thus seriously hindering their separation. As a result, many children of alcoholic parents develop defensive aggression or passive resistance, or take recourse to some other inappropriate patterns of defensive behavior.Hamill e xplains in the obligate that he was always fighting someone. He either fought in bars or in the street, over an imagined slight or to defend himself but he was more aggressive than the usual person and it was always while he was drinking.Much of the book is devoted to his childhood and adolescence during and after World War II. The secret drinking, which began at a young age, was the classic experimentation that many alcoholics describe as the beginning of their addiction. Hamill tells of his wish to be different from his father and not to become a drunk and yet drinking started to seem as natural to real life as breathing. (p. 107)Hamill paints a picture of a rough Irish Catholic neighborhood and the drinking and fighting that were an integral part of his world. For a time he made his own money, giving some to his mother since his father mazed his job. He attended high school and hung out with his friends, all the while increasing his drinking.He did not consider it a problem at first he believed that he was not drunk as long as he knew where he was and what he was doing. As he entered high school, the drinking increased and became less(prenominal) secretive, due partly to the fact that teenagers were expected to drink and act a little wildly. This, unfortunately, is not beneficial to a decent grade average and Hamill began to run short all his classes after only two years of high school.One thing Hamill sees as a failure on his part is his lack of belief in God. While he does not attribute his addiction to this, he tells of his anger at the church for double standards regarding the poor and the fact that at least one of the priests was like my father a drunk. (p. 106) This lack of respect for the church prevented him from relying on his faith as many do in times of crisis in their lives.

Location

Whenever I am go throughing kind of discomfit or just need to get out of the house, I love to go to my barn, where my horses ar. My horses ar pretty much part of the family and mean so much to me Also, they are the best listeners in the world and have so many things that make them such wonderful animals. I re exclusivelyy love going and spending clock time with my horses because it is so quiet and relaxing. Some people may think, Eww, doesnt it smell bad? but no it doesnt smell bad at all to me. I am so use to that manure smell Not only is there just the manure smell but the amazing smell of the horses, which to me is the best scentIt is like a sweet smell blended together with the insolent cut alfalfa in the summer time, so fresh and new. To me this is such a soothing smell and I love it When I am out there I really like to just tantalise on the wooden fence and watch them, talk to them or whatever I feel in the mood for doing. Admiring them is fanaticizing to me because the y are such beautiful animals and their record makes them so much more beautiful. Watching the sunset is always amazing too when I am out there. Watching how the day is coming to an end. The birds, rabbits, cats, andiron all the wildlife around how they transition from day to night.Everything about being out and around that red barn is so awesome to me. Being an animal, my horses cant talk back to me verbally (of courses) but they have their own way of speaking to people physically. Thats why I love going to them when I have a problem thats really upsetting me or if I just need to tell someone a huge secret. They are so good at sensing when something is wrong. They can feel when your sad, mad, upset, nervous, all of the above Best of all, they listen when you are feeling these emotions. I believe this has a lot to do with the reasons why I love and care so much.They listen to anything you have to tell them, and best of all I can reliance that they wont tell anyone. They are truly amazing animals and they best of friends One of them, Quana, have the most outrageous personality and he always makes me feel better no matter what I have always gone to my horse ever since I was little. Being with them means a lot to me because I know I can trust them with whatever it is I need to tell them. I dont have to worry about them cogent people what my deepest secrets are, like most people do nowadays. Also, they go away never judge you for who you areThey will accept you even if youve made the biggest mistake of your life. at once a friend always a friend is what I believe they believe. I consider myself very blessed to have this kind of friendship in my life. Not many people get to experience that trust I have with them. Also, the bond we share. No matter where life ends up taking me down the road I can almost guarantee that this will always be a very special place in my heart. I will keep the memories I have with them and hopefully try to show other people what my ho rses have taught me will the loyalty theyve shown me.

A Taste of Honey was first performed in 1958. It was set in Manchester Essay

A Taste of Honey was first performed in 1958. It was set in Manchester. Manchester at that snip was an industrial town. thither were lots of working class people like in that respect is today as well as poverty. The play is ab expose a stick and daughter relationship, Helen and Jo, their problems and their attempts to cope with life. The play is controversial because Helen is a semi-whore which at that time was maybe wasnt unusual, that wasnt acceptable. She is divorced and a single p bent, according to statistics in 1958 1 in 100 marriages ends in divorce. It was difficult to get divorced and divorce was frowned upon. In the 1950s single parents were a tiny minority of the population because divorce at that time was uncommon.Helen had Jo at a young age. The community would of thought bad about Helen. Conversation between Helen is like verbal sparring. Helen is actu bothy self-centred. Jo be bewilders increasing central to litigate. Helen is a whore, she goes out for sex in ret urn for bullion. She is thoughtless, poor and unromantic. We rump promise this from act 1 scene 1 because she only ciphers about herself, she is need of money and she doesnt unify for romance, but for money. This shows she is poor and unromantic. Jo is argumentative, mature and responsible at times She is arrogant, she can get angry, she has feelings. Jo is also stubborn, poor, serious, negative, uncertain and self-sufficient.The flat is in a poor condition. When Helen and Jo go in to the flat, Jos first impression is bad. She doesnt like it. well this is the placeand I dont like itThis quotation shows us that she doesnt like the flat. Helen says thatthats all I can affordThis shows us that Helen is poor. They have to serving the seat with the community (the people in the building). This takes away a source of privacy. It is very cold and has no heating. god its freezingHelen and Jo have to share one bedroom and even worse they have to share one bed. This has effect on the a udience, they surely know now that Helen is poor. This shows Helen and Jo dont have in that respect own space.The view out of the window is appalling. A slaughter house and gas works which Helen seems to think of it as a very good thing. She says theres a amiable view of the gasworks, but Jo doesnt approve of it. She says It will smell in the pass.I wonder what itll be like here in the summer? Itll smell.Helen is just exhausting to make best of the situation. The window is in a poor state as well. It is giving out a cold draught. The light bulb has no shade, which Jo doesnt approve of. She puts her scarf around it.Jo privy I have that chair Helen? Ill put my scarf around itJo is trying to sort things out. at that place is a reversal in role. Helen says she will get one the next day, but there is no evidence that she does get it the next day. Jo is acting like a fuss. She has to be free-living as her mother doesnt look after her. This shows us that Helen is short of money and also is not very domesticated and does not act like a typical mother. The flat is a union ruin.The stage directions have a big effect on the audience. There are right acts contingency at all times, that gives the play a good atmosphere. The audience see that Helen and Jo are just so argumentative which shows historical life. The lightning is dim and dark which causes tension in the audience. There is jazz music in the background which makes the play look all loud which is right because the play is loud most of the time due to the dislikes and arguments of Helen and Jo. Also jazz music was associated with working class and has black influences. This was a little suppressive.The characters in act 1 scene 1 Helen, Jo and dig are always in close conversation. They are always on the right track when talking. The play is centred around conversation rather then action. This gives an quotidian life feel to it. All three characters are argumentative as well. Jo and Helen mostly because as mother and daughter they are constantly arguing. Jo has a lot of dislikes she is completely different. Helen doesnt bother about anything, she gets money for sex and then wastes it on unnecessary things when really, she should be looking after her daughter Jo. ray of light enters adept the end of the scene. He is the man who Helen had previously left. He is a brash car salesman. He has come back for Helen which means he is after more sex and Helen is after more money. Peter has a dislike for Jo who is trying to ruin his relationship with Helen.Peter enters the scene as a typical salesman. He is smartly dressed and has a cigar in his mouth. He has come back for Helen, but unfortunately Jo turns him away. Peter acts all posh and rich after looking at the state of the flat and at the tenements, cemetery and slaughter house. Peter is offering to marry Helen, who is in turn is old enough to be his. We can tell this because it says in the book.There is a lot of conflict between Pete r and Jo as she doesnt want him interfering with her mother. There is a lot of conflict between Jo and Helen all throughout the scene for various reasons. Helen isnt looking after Jo as she really should.The scene ends by Peter leaving and Helen and Jo talking properly about one thing which they havent make all through out act 1 scene 1. They have a typical mother and daughter chat in which Jo admits to being scared of the dark, but Helen comforts her by saying you shouldnt be scared of the dark.A Taste of Honey is a typical kitchen and sink drama because there are poor surroundings. The everyday language is different. There are constant conflicts and arguments which causes tension and all the action takes place in one room. A Taste Of Honey surely doesnt reflect real life.

The Law of Attraction

THE LAW OF ATTRACTION The case on the lawfulness of attracter surrounds the issue concerning the idea that homophiles sop up the ability to draw lossed and friendless objects into their lives by means of what is created by ones thoughts and energy. To trade a commission of life, one must change his/her way of thought. The justice of friendship proves to be the most powerful law in the universe, as is sh cause through the study of quantum physics and the relationship between the flow of energy into and place of the body.If humans learn to present the energies of the universe and ones own being in a proper manner, we lead be able to accomplish everything our hearts desire, according to the rectitude of Attraction. The study on the faithfulness of Attraction proves the virtue to be an active contributor towards improving quality of life, both in person and professional aspects. The Law of Attraction is the most powerful universal law. In theory, people are able to cre ate their own human beings through their thoughts (Hicks 9). This underlying creation leads to the mis patternion that the Law of Attraction doesnt exist since it is human temper to be denied of certain wants.Many people believe that if we are re completelyy able to create our own identity, the human species would not fail in any aspect of life. However, the Law of Attraction claims that we attract both the things we want and dont want through the force of our thoughts and the energy we give off into the universe (Losier 26). In order to properly explain the credibility of the Law of Attraction, famous scientists Einstein and Hawking convey the study of Quantum Physics, along with the M Theory and String Theory, as the scientific principle that suggests the concept in which thoughts draw matter.The thoughts we create in our minds through electrical impulses are produced with the same source of energy that creates everything from nothing in the universe. Science researchers have studied brain waves and found a direct correlation between the absolute frequency of waves and the way people view life. Lower frequencies are related to those with pessimistic lifestyles in contrast to higher(prenominal) frequencies for those with active intellects (Baska).These brain frequencies are then transmitted through energy into the Universe and become reality through theory of Quantum Physics, which states that thoughts equal energy, energy equals matter, and thus thoughts equal matter (Pillay 98). Such scientific principles blast to explain the creative activity of the Law of Attraction, and though much logic is involved within these principles, many of the perception-related claims regarding the existence of the Law of Attraction are based too much on hype and too lower-ranking on science research.The Law of Attraction is a growing phenomenon that may very well have diluted truth, but is presented to the public with goals of strategic trade in order to achieve the instant felicity that The Secret has sold. In order to prove its validity, there must be further studies regarding the gateway concept that is the Law of Attraction. As for the book, movie and audio clips, these were all tools used to revitalize what was a weakened motivational industry.Despite my belief in its existence, there is little to no scientific evidence to support the theory, and no carried out controlled experiment to suggest the so-called law actually works (Sloan). Those who do not believe in the principles of the Law of Attraction claim that The Law of Attraction, in its simplest form, is no more than a pawn intention serving as substitution for self-help concepts that actually work. Positive thinking, self-belief, visualization and goal setting are all motivational scripts proposed by authors like Rhonda Byrne through their best-selling books (Sloan).Non-believers claim that the Law of Attraction misleads people into believe that imagery alone will work without acti on. This is a common misunderstanding about the Law of Attraction surrounding the belief that the Law of Attraction is simply about wishing. However, according to Jungs scientific concept of Synchronicity, people are able to make things happen due to the relationship between ones mind and the universe as human thoughts are aligned in a particular way towards a common end, which suggests a pattern in regards to the way reality is created (Pillay 142).Though the major premise of the Law of Attraction involves imagery through the process of thinking to attract desires, the theory behind the Law of Attraction delves deeper into the law of allowance, which is the final process in the Law of Attraction, and is what truly allows the law to come about (Losier 78). The Law of Attraction, in a sense, may be related to concepts like karma, luck, and other wonders that cannot be explained through science alone and oftentimes require a little bit of faith.There may very well be great truth in so me of the theorys claims, but to say its validity is explained by science is both illogical and false. The hype surrounding the Law of Attraction arose out of clever marketing skills, and consequently science was merely used as an attempt to give validity to the obscure concept that is the Law of Attraction. It is up to the individual to determine whether or not they will follow the steps inevitable by the Law of Attraction in order to change their life.It is up to the individual to determine whether or not they will act kindly towards others to receive plus karma in turn. As for me, I will remain to follow the advice proposed by motivational writers out there that encourage me to project a positive attitude in order for people to react positively to me. In essence, this is the true definition of the Law of Attraction. WORKS CITED Peter. Can Thoughts Make Things Happen? Breaking News and Opinion on The Huffington Post. Huffington Post, 10 June 2011. Web. 29 Apr. 2012. .Byrne, Rho nda. The Secret. New York Atria, 2006. Print. Hicks, Esther, and Jerry Hicks. The Law of Attraction. Carlsbad, CA Hay House, 2006. Print. Losier, Michael J. Law of Attraction The Science of Attracting More of What You Want and slight of What You Dont. New York, NY Wellness Central, 2006. Print. Pillay, Srinivasan. The Science Behind the Law of Attraction. Cambridge, MA NeuroBusiness Group, 2010. Print. Sloan, Paul. The Law of Attraction is a dodgy Delusion. LifeHack. StepCase Limited, 31 03 2012. Web. 6 May 2012. .

Poetry and Painting

Analysis on the Relationship between poesy & Painting An analysis on the relationship between song and motion picture Lope De Vega, in cardinal of his sonnets, refers to two famous contemporaries in a striking way he calls the Italian poet Marino a great jaguar for the ears and the Flemish lynx Rubens a great poet for the eyes. Six atomic number 6 year and 6000 miles away, a similar concept occurs in a parallel situation. The Chinese poet Su Shi, in one of his metrical compositions, praises two men, one a poet and the other a painter Tu Fus poems argon figureless paintings, Han Kans paintings are wordless poems.In both poems, a very special relationship is established between rime and painting. They are considered parallel and comparable more than than that, they take each others place. A proportional treatment of the same phenomenon in two widely seperated and obviously unrelated literatures may bring divulge siginificant opposites as well as integritions. Actually, the conversation between poetry and painting has been through centuries, traced back to sixth century until now, different people have different opinions.For Plato, poets and painters are both imitators and their work a third-generation distant from the truth. For Aristotle, The poet being an imitator just standardized the painter or other maker of likenesses, he mustiness necessarily in all instances represent things in one or other of three aspects, each as they were or are, or as they are said or thought to be or to have been, or as they ought to be. More than five hundred years ago Leonardo da Vinci entered into a stinging debate with a bunch of pompous poets who degraded painting as a mechanical machination.Defending the primacy of art, Leonardopainter, architect, scientist, and a genius of high Renaissancesnapped If you call painting black poetry the painter may call poetry blind painting. He argued that a good painter can provide a more intelligible and beautiful sense ex perience than a poet because painting satisfies the eye whereas poetry appeals to the ear and seeing is superior to hearing. In the 18th century the playwright and philosopher Gotthold Lessing describe the intrinsic difference between ainting and poetry in terms of the distinction between image and word. He rejected the ancient belief that these two arts are in fact similar, or as the Roman poet Horace put it Ut pictura poesis (painting is like poetry). Lessing also pointed out that the domain of painting is space composition the domain of poetry is time. In my opinion, transfering a poem contractly to another form is quite an out of the question task because of the unique nature of every vernacular and their peticular idioms. And on the other hand, painting as an art form is unique as well.It can portray astonishingly beautiful or ugly people, or show breathtakingly magnificent or depressingly dull landscapes and still lives and other visual phenomenon, which defy exact verbal d escription. Generally speaking, objects of the visual world can be represented in painting more accurately than in words. However, poetry has the upper hand in describing emotional states and mental events. A proportion of these two art forms reveals that in many ways both poetry and painting resist conversion, and they mutually defy transference into each other.However, despite their irreconcilable differences, painting and poetry share many ballpark attibutes. With the development of literature and enlargement of understanding about this world, we have to acknowldge the integration of poetry and painting as well. Through five thousand years of continuous civilization, Chinese art has developed a well-fixed language of symbols. By the second century the image of falling leaves, for instance, had become a metaphor for turbulent times in which great talent was cast aside and unjustly punished with exile. Magnificent flowers frequently symbolize beautiful ladies.Rising above a l ake they may represent fairies with red hair spins walk of life above the water and one single lotus flower in the Hua Qing Pool is like the entire world. In spite of its fragmentary posture western culture has produced great artists excelling in different branches of art. Among painters and poets the oeuvre of such artists as Michelangelo, Goethe, William Blake, Apollinaire and Picasso shows the unity of painting and poetry. As the proverb goes, there is a poem painting, painting in poetry. A successful poem, in my perspective, is the one with a relative aesthetical painting in our mind when we read it.That is what we called in Chinese Yi Jing. For example, a famous poem in China Shi Zhi Sai Shang written by Wang Wei, which gives us a picturesque painting in our mind instantly the desolation and broadness of a frontier fortress, a puff of smoke and the setting sunIn terms of painting, painter integrates with poetic beauty. In Song dynasty, the task for getting a professional pai nter certification required examine to draw a painting according to a piece of poem. Poetry enters the painting, bringing the creativity into the painting. Even the limit of time can also be overcome.In conclusion, although poetry and painting have some differences, they both are important literature forms, we pay more direction to what they bring to us. In my vision painting and poetry invite us to step into a deeper aim of reality that lies under the peel of surface appearances. The creativity power of art can play a significant role in ameliorating the human human condition, in making the planet a habitable and welcoming environment for ourselves and for future generations. Without concern, responsibility, care, compassion and love we cannot survive.

The Role of Modern Industrial Manager

MNGT352 Advanced Modern Management The graphic symbol of a modern industrial jitney Prashanth Balacum atomic number 18san (200679951) Word Count 1965 A manager is just aboutone in charge of an organisation or subunit. numerous would fit the bill of a manager besides a chief executive, including coaches, bishops, foremen even presidents and prime ministers. What is the role of a manager? If you did ask someone in a managerial position what they did they would probably rank you that they plan, organize, coordinate and control. Mangers ar persistent individuals and they perform their activities in concise, diverse manners.Study shows that intimately activities performed by chief executives wear less than 9 minutes and only a small fr run of the time do activities lastly an hour long. The work pace for most chief executives and foremen are relentless, spending their whole day receiving calls and office with every break interrupted by a subordinate looking for some sort of cou nselling (Mintzberg 1990). The role of an ideal manager should be a balance between the roles Mintzberg has described. This is because a manger is the commandant in chief of an organisation and through this role he has contact to various interpersonal relationships.This gives his the probability to gain access to various sorts of information which would then modify him to congeal to solid use by planning effective strategies, making decisions or implement in action (Waldron. M. W, Vasanthakumar. J & Arulraj. S 1997). managerial roles accentuates reasoning and control, and it does non matter whichever direction the focus is on, the manager should al shipway look at ways to achieve results that would make positive impact and make pile continue contributing to his or her organisation.In 1981 Arnaldo conducted a survey of hotel general managers by adapting Mintzberg advent to managerial demeanour. What he found out from this research was that a large majority of mangers viewed lead as the most important role among the ten roles as proposed by Mintzberg. From this view lead is an essential quality required for one who is a manager. (Zaleznik. A, 1978). The trait theory eyeshot suggests that certain individuals possess the qualities and characteristics that highlight them as natural born leaders and this is what will differentiate them from their subordinates. Northouse, P2010). Although this suggests that leadership is a quality that cannot be learnt but one that is acquired , (Worsfold,1989)it would give a person who is likely to require up a role as a manager an insight of the characteristics and qualities that are essential for a leader. Furthermore one need not necessarily stick to its outline as leadership is a role that allows an individual to show his or her unique abilities to command and influence others. (Hollander,1978).Project leadership is essentially delimit as a process that fits into a managerial job that would pull back into conside ration the requirement and privilege of those people who decide to stand besides you to see the completion of a particular job. (Cleland,1995). Project leaders should not be too rigid and exercise authority over the situation within leadership criteria (Cleland and Ireland, 2007) but quite as Goetsch and Davies(2006, 254-255) say inspire individuals in making entire enthusiastic along with intentional dedication towards achieving company aims.Thus one does not need to be intellectually superior to be a manager but rather one need to be determinant, strong willed, analytical, intelligent and most importantly be tolerant. (Zaleznik. A ,1978). Kanji (2008) states leadership is defined as the conduct related by activities in taking charge signifying the immense difficulties faced by managers and professors. Therefore leadership is a variation of characteristics, principles, behaviour and attitude that acts as the key to long term performance of established organisations. (Lakshman, 2 006).Having an action mind delimitate near the work environment is another trait required by a manager. A popular optical metaphor indicates that an organisation is a chariot pulled by wild horses which represent the emotions, anticipation and ambitions and needs of people in the organisation. Keeping onto to the same track requires just as the same skill that is required to solidifying off in an entirely new direction. Having an action mindset in this context would be to take care the nature of the situation and utilising the capabilities of the police squad up helping to stay on and maintain direction. Gosling Mintzberg, 2003) Nearly all managerial decisions and actions are influenced by the assumptions made establish on observation about homosexual behaviour. Douglas McGregor published in his book The Human Side of Enterprise, two very unique ways of looking at human nature namely surmise X and Theory Y. McGregor alike assumed that a typical manger should operate on the c ontext that his employees are either Theory X or Theory Y. Assumptions uch as these mould the managers perspective on his employees resulting in either a Theory X manager, who would assume a direct and harsh approach denying employees control over their work ,using an incentive based reward system to monitor performance and constantly supervise his employees or rather a Theory Y manager who would be more lenient towards his employees granting them positions of business and structuring the work environment in a manner which would result in efficient methods to solve problems and increase productivity. McGregor ,1960) The Hawthorne tests conducted by Elton Mayo from 1924 to 1934 prove this orientate by clearly illustrating that even when the working conditions were varied the team dynamics of the team remained the same. The women who participated in the experiment formed a cooperative relationship and responded spontaneously to this experiment. As they were not pushed or forced to do work, and every decision they made would influence their work they formed a sense of responsibility and worked spontaneously. The productivity increased and the workers remained happy.According to McGregor a managers perspective on their employees which could be either Theory X or Theory Y can influence their decisions. What managers need is their employees to perform well and given the even up incentive and environment you could achieve excellent results. The ideal Theory Y manager would instead of a directive vigilance approach rather choose an approach which would actually involve giving employees positions of responsibility and forming mutually beneficial relationships. This is what was clearly emphasized by Mc Gregor as a core persona of Management.What is lacking is most managers fail to understand this fact (Bobic. M. P & Davis E. W). Human motif in the oeuvre cannot be defined of falling into the category of either Theory X or Theory Y. It should be rather viewed as something more complicated which is rather a concoction of the two (Miner, 1980 Schein 1970). It has been observed by many through social interactions with managers over several years that most managers use a cash in ones chips of theories X, Y and Z rather than sticking to the framework of one particular on (Sharma.S 1998). Self statute is the process of mastering ones emotions. A person who has mastered their emotions would be adaptable to change and would not dread in a circumstance where change would influence his workplace. Self regulation is a key actor that would be influential in the workplace as due to the modern technological trend and competitiveness businesses and companies exist with a great of ambiguity and uncertainness. Companies merge and break at rapid paces and technology is not constant and it will change. Goleman,1998) currently most companies are adapting to advanced manufacturing technologies that are intended to optimize and break performance in variou s aspects of the workplace. These are opportunity to revolutionize the way production processes. Large companies are already making the switch towards these innovations in order to enhance the performance and increase the positions in the orbiculate markets. (Tidd, 1991) Industries are constantly undergoing revolutionary technological change to transform them abound. Examples include switching from metal locomotive parts to ceramic and switching from lead acid to lithium ion in batteries.When these situations arise a egotism regulatory person would possess the dexterity to hold his judgement, seek information and adapt to the changes. Effective team working skills are one that is required of a manager. The ability to coordinate individual actions (Zaccaro, Rittman, and Marks 2001) and having a better communication structure among team members can greatly influence the performance of the effectiveness of the team. police squad leaders who are encouraging and involve all members i n team problem solving enable collective information processing that maximises the teams effectiveness. Zaccaro et al. ) Good managers enable their teams to remain goal oriented, ensure a cooperative setting for the team members, build confidence, demonstrate technical skills, set their priorities, manage performance expectations and bring rear excellent results. (LaFasto, Larson 2001). Essentially team leaders, who set high performance goals, demonstrate a clear set of strategies and push their team members to their full potentials will display higher team efficiency and cohesion rather than team leaders who do not involve themselves in much(prenominal) tasks. Zaccaro et al. ) Motivation is also a key role for the manager. He or she must be themselves be motivated to perform the task at hand and meanwhile they should be able to motivate the team by harboring the team morale upHow a manager motivates his employees could be varied according to the approach he or she takes. for th e first time there is the KITA approach which literally translates as kick in the pants which can either be a negative or a positive approach depending on the manager.Negative KITA is a direct action approach, and it has its drawbacks of being physically confronting which can build up negativity among the employees and the manager. There is also the softer positive approach which is considered as a seduction technique which is the promise of incentive to the employee which can get them to produce good work. (Hertzberg, 1968) This is supported by the expectancy theory that proposes the idea that people work harder depending on the size of the reward. (Mullins, 2007).According to Fredrick Hertzberg motivation relies on two factors firstly the hygiene factors that deal with factors such as working conditions, job warrantor etc and the motivator factors. An employee would usually expect the hygiene factors to be implemented in the workplace as these are factors that help an individual to settle down in an environment. Taking these away from an employee would automatically make him or her dissatisfied and hence de-motivated to work. The other motivator factors are based on an individuals believe to be better and rise above others.These include status, recognition and sense of achievement. Let us take the company Innocent Drinks for example. They motivate their rung by providing a working environment which is pleasant i. e. the inclusion body of trees inside the offices and having Astroturf floors. They also provide free breakfast, a team weekend every year and also scholarships of ? 1000 to employees to fund personal projects such as taking a course etc. nonetheless in their weekly meetings they make their staff feel valuable and this way Innocent helps to keep its staff happy.This is a good model of How Hertzbergs hygiene and motivational factors have been taken into account and keep employees motivated. (Caterer research how to motivate staff 2011) Mc Clella nds achievement motivation theory categorizes the people who requisite to achieve. These people were motivated by intrinsic factors such as goals and aspirations of the individual rather than extrinsic factors such as salary etc. These sorts of people were identified by their affinity to perform difficult put potentially achievable goals, and their like to take risks.These are the sorts of characteristics expected in a manager. In ratiocination what should be stated is that all these qualities may not be present in a manager but in general a good manager would be an ideal blend of some of these characteristics. These would not necessarily be outwardly showed but when the situation arises if one could perform that is what is essential. This is the internal gist of the quote Cometh the hour, cometh the man. Bibliography Arnaldo, M (1981) Hotel general managers a profile, The Cornell H. R. A. Quarterly November, 53-56. Bobic M.P and Davis E. W A attractive Word for Theory X Or Why many in the buff Fangled Management Techniques quickly fail. Cleland, D. I. (1995). leading and the project management body of knowledge. International Journal of Project Management, 13(2) 83-88. Cleland, D. I. and Ireland, L. R. (2007). Project Management Strategie Design and murder (5th), Boston McGraw-Hill. Goleman. D (1998) What Makes a Leader? 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