Describe How DNA Has Enhanced Law Enforcement

DNA has emerged as a remarkable crime fighting tool. DNA has the potential to be the best crime solving tool of the 21st century. DNA has been very critical in solving some of the nations most serious crimes. DNA analysis is a very powerful tool, because each persons DNA is unique in most cases. DNA evidence collected from a crime scene can implicate or eliminate a suspect. It can also analyze unidentified remains through comparisons with DNA from someone’s relative. Previously, unsolvable cases, more often homicides and sexual assaults, can contain DNA evidence that will help identify the criminal, even though the victim can’t.When evidence from one crime scene is compared through the federal DNA database with evidence from another crime scene those crimes can be linked to the same person locally, statewide, and nationally. Also, plants and animals hold DNA, as well. Newer DNA analysis techniques can yield results from biological evidence that’s invisible to an officer. DNA analysis methods also can be able to help in the identification of missing persons. DNA can be obtained from severely degraded samples, as well.This has enhanced law enforcement tremendously. Without DNA evidence, most people would never be convicted (DNAs Link to Corrections, n. . ). DNA will continue to advance. Some anticipated advances are broader implementation of the CODIS database, increased automated lab procedures, use of computerized analysis, portable devices capable of DNA analysis and remote links to databases and other criminal justice information services (DNA Evidence,n. d. ). Reference DNA Evidence: What Law Enforcement Should Know. (n. d. ). Retrieved November 12, 2012 From: http://www. ncjrs. gov/pdffiles/jr000249c. pdj. DNA’s Link to Corretcions. (n. d. ). Retrieved November 12, 2012 from: http://www. crimescene- Investigations. net/NIJ-DNALinkCorretcion. pdf.

Box Reliquary of the True Cross and Other Byzantium Devotional Art

This exquisite box, currently exhibited in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, was made in Constantinople (Byzantium, now Istanbul) in the late 8th or early 9th century. Such relics are said to have housed the pieces of the True Cross, which was allegedly discovered in the 4th century by Saint Helena, mother of the first Christian Roman emperor Constantine (New York Met Museum, 2005). During the time of the rise of Christianity in the Roman Empire, Constantinople was to become the largest Christian city in the Christian world.It managed to fend off attacks from the Arabs with its superior navy and Greek methods of warfare (Ellie Crystal, â€Å"Byzantine Empire,† 1995 – 2005). This box survived the Iconoclast Crisis in the 8th century, when Emperor Leo III banned all activity involving â€Å"idol worship†. All sculptures and icons containing images saints and other religious luminaries were ordered to be destroyed, and the only symbols allowed to be used f or religious reverence, were that of plants and birds or the Cross.Prior to the crisis, however, such reliquaries were very common for the safekeeping of pieces of the True Cross or the bones of saints, and were very common at the time. The iconoclasm was a very violent and turbulent time in Byzantium due to the zealotry of Leo III and his differences with the Patriarch of the time and according to various account, Leo III took a volcanic eruption on the island of Thera as a sign of God’s wrath over idolatry in the Church (Wikipedia). It was during the ban of religious icons that the Patriarch of Constantinople, Germanus I, was removed or resigned his post.Meanwhile, in the West of Byzantium, Pope Gregory III condemned Leo III’s decisions and actions and held two synods at Rome, publicly denouncing the iconoclasm. In retaliation, Leo III seized papal lands as well as raided churches and seized altar cloths, reliquaries and plates (History of the Byzantine State and Soc iety, Treadgold, Helen, Stanford University Press, 1997). Following Leo III’s death, his son Constantine V continued the ban and here is where some interesting occurrences come to light: the monasteries began to protest publicly. One monk, John of Damascus, protested iconoclasm through his theological writings.Another monk, Theodore the Studite brought things to a head by writing a letter to Pope Paschal containing strong words against the emperor. This brought dire consequences and was considered a major political step in the wrong direction by Constantine V, who invaded the monasteries, seizing their relics and throwing them into the sea. The next move from Constantine was to ban the monks from invoking the saints. This terrible period came to an end upon the death of Constantine V’s son Leo IV, whose Athenian wife Irene took position as regent for their young son, who would be the future emperor.She brought an end to iconoclasm and restored the ability of the artisa ns of the time to create icons depicting saints, Jesus, and the other figures of Christianity. It is difficult to imagine such violence over images used for the purposes of drawing upon the power of God being so violently opposed when icons and images of political figures were considered to be acceptable works of respect. Already it is easy to see that the survival of this box reliquary is almost a miracle in itself, considering the wanton destruction of such items, even as common as they were.Since this particular box is made of certain substances that are considered rare today, let us now turn our attention to the box itself. It is small, measuring 4 inches long and 2-7/8 inches across. The estimated date of creation of this box is the late 8th to early 9th century, which would be the period of iconoclasm discussed above (NY Met Museum). This box reliquary is constructed of cloisonne enamel, silver, silver-gilt, gold and niello. The fascinating things about the box’s compos ition are the components of cloisonne enamel and niello, neither of which were native to Byzantium.Niello was commonly used in Europe until the Renaissance, but rarely used after that (Hillwood Museum & Gardens, n. d. ). Cloisonne enamel was very popular in China during the Ming dynasty, but appears to have its origins in Cyprus (Dr. Panicos Michaelides, 1989). It was during the Byzantine Empire that cloisonne enamel was perfected and put to wide use from the 6th to 12th centuries, with the methods being transmitted to China in the 15th century where the art of cloisonne was further perfected to such a degree that China set the standard for quality of this substance (ChineseMoods. com, 2005).The substance of cloisonne enamel is glass powder mixed with water until a paste is formed. The paste is then applied to the die-cast of metal such as gold, silver or copper. Each color used in the process is fired separately, making for a very labor-intensive construction of only one part of th e box decoration. There appear to be three colors used in terms of cloisonne enamel; blue, white and green. The metal in this case is gold, to which the cloisonne enamel was adhered. The lid of the box reliquary features Christ still alive on the cross in the crucifixion scene, accompanied by the Virgin and St. John at his feet.Bordering the crucifixion scene are the images of fourteen saints. The underside of the lid features descriptive yet somewhat primitive art depicting four scenes from the life of Jesus: the Annunciation, Nativity, Crucifixion, and Anastasis (or Descent into Limbo). Inside the box are five compartments arranged in the shape of a cross, where relics would be kept. The four sides of the box feature the fourteen saints found on the lid, and are also made of cloisonne enamel and the bottom of the box features a beautiful cross in gold. The other substance of interest is niello, which is a black metal mixture used for decorative purposes.It is truly a lost art, as niello is rarely used today due to technological advancements in goldsmithing replacing the ancient arts of engraving with tools and chisels (Prof. Dr. Erhard Brepohl, 2001). According to Dr. Brepohl, the making of niello involves melting and mixing silver, copper and lead, the use of borax and sulphur (which explains why niello is no longer popular, since its ingredients are highly toxic), After a rather tedious and noxious fume-producing procedure, the metal alloy is then quickly cooled so that it breaks into granules. The granules are then ground with a mortar and pestle and mixed with flux to create a paste.When struck with a hammer. The finished niello should be uniformly black and shatter like glass. The niello paste is applied into the recesses of the object to be decorated (in the case of this box reliquary it would be the etched lid), then fired and cleaned. One can only stand in awe of the meticulous care with which this little box and other reliquaries were made, with suc h precision and detail to last for centuries. In terms of how the Byzantine Empire gained these skills to become virtually unparalleled as extraordinary artisans, friendly exchanges with the West are the source.Through flourishing trade routes and the power of the Roman Empire, Byzantine religious art took on enormous proportions. According to the Catholic Encyclopedia, â€Å"From classical and ancient Christian art Byzantine genius derived a correct combination of the ideal with truth to nature, harmonious unity along with precision in details, as well as the fondness for mosaics, frescoes, and pictures on panels, in opposition to the dislike of non-Christian and sectarian Orientals to pictorial representation. † The rich symbolism depicts reverence and devotion completely absent in modern art.The reliquaries were made in anticipation of what would be kept within them and crafted with utmost skill and care. Although many were destroyed during the iconoclastic crisis, enough of them remain today to view in museums such as the Met, hopefully to inspire people that view them and understand the enormous skill and even danger that went into making and keeping them. Other reliquaries are simpler in nature and construction, such as the box reliquary of the Sancta Sanctorum Treasure, which measures 27. 7 X 18. 0 cm (approx. 10. 9 X 7. 1 inches).This box is bigger than the box reliquary described above, but is less ornate. It is constructed of wood and tempura and is red in color. Gold leaf adorns the five scenes depicted on the lid, which are of the Nativity, Baptism, Crucifixion, Women at the Tomb and the Ascension, read from the bottom left to upper right (Gary Vikan, 1982). Housed in the Vatican museum, this particular box contains stones collected in the sixth and seventh centuries in the Holy Land, along with bits of wood and cloth. This particular box is considered to be the rarest among the Sanctus Sanctorum Treasures (Cleveland Museum Of Art, 1998).Whe n contemplating how these relics survived the destruction during the above noted Iconoclasm we must also look to Europe during the 8th and 9th Centuries, where Christianity was taking hold. One interesting fact is that beginning in the year 787, all new Christian churches had to have a relic in order to be consecrated. Since Christianity was spreading at such a rapid rate in Europe, the Church provided relics and reliquaries from her collection (Richard Jones-Nerzic, 2002). Relics were considered to be pilgrims’ souvenirs and reliquaries were specifically crafted for the safekeeping of those relics.As reliquaries and relics began to spread to Europe, owning them became a symbol of status (Jones-Nerzic) because of their origins in Byzantium and the dangerous journey they made to get into the hands of the Europeans. Another form of Byzantine art was the carving of ivory reliefs, such as the Triptych Icon of Hodegetria, (Greek for â€Å"She who shows the way†) made in Con stantinople in the late 10th Century. This exquisite three-paneled piece shows wear due to veneration over time, and features the Virgin with the Christ Child as well as two unknown saints on the folding wings of the triptych.This triptych is 4-3/4 inches high and 9 inches in length (The Walters Art Museum, 2001). An outstanding and elaborate ivory triptych is housed at the Louvre; it is called the Harbaville Triptych after the last known owners and features the elegance and detail of the revival of icon use after the iconoclasm. This triptych is sunning, with the central panel depicting the Deesis (entreaty) of Christ enthroned on behalf of humanity (Louvre Museum, n. d. ). Flanking the Son Of Man is the Virgin Mary and St. John the Baptist.Beneath the center panel and on the wings are the apostles, martyrs and soldiers. This piece is considered to be one of the finest from the imperial workshop known as â€Å"Romanus† and combines several different techniques from the Orien t as well as classical antiquity and the Christian tradition. The reverse side of the central panel is embellished with a Latin cross featuring rosettes along with scenes from the Garden of Eden. Two cypress trees, one on either side of the cross represent Good and Evil, all under a starry background.The side panels depict saints with books or crosses. Traces of gold leaf can still be found on this triptych, and the Louve literature states that there are two other similar ivory triptychs, one being housed in the Vatican and the other at the Palace in Venice. All three are thought to have been carved around the same time, between the 9th and 11th centuries in Constantinople. One more example of these reliquaries is a cross reliquary featuring St. John Chrysostom, made in Constantinople around 920 – 930 (Dr. Rozmeri Basic, 2000-2005).Made of gilded wood and painted, the scenes of this lovely box depict St. John Chrysostom on the underside of the lid, with the Crucifixion on the top. The scene inside the box is decorated around a cavity for the box’s contents and features saints and angels in detail. Given the turbulent times and the rich history surrounding Byzantium and Europe during the medieval times, it is a wonder that pilgrims dared to cross into the Holy Land. But they did, driven by the desire to see and touch the very places and items associated with Jesus and the saints.Reliquaries were designed for this purpose, enabling pilgrims to bring back earth, bits of bone or cloth, anything that could be deemed something from a sacred place. Pilgrims often traveled in groups and were subject to robberies and even murder from roadside bandits and wild animals, including lions. Still, the faithful made their journeys and the reliquaries that made it back to their homelands were preserved and valued not only as pieces of art but also as items in contact with the Messiah’s surrounding. Some even were professed to have healing properties.Recrea ting these reliquaries in modern times would be considered labor-intensive and toxic; some of the ingredients used in the reliquaries certainly shortened more than one life span of an artist in the ancient days; still, reliquaries are being reproduced and copies are on the open market, still drawing an intrigue after more than a millennium. References Basic, Dr. Rozmeri. 2000 – 2005, â€Å"Early Christian and Byzantine Art. † University Of Oklahoma. |Online|, available at: http://www. ou. edu/class/ahi4263/byzhtml/p05-04. htmlBrepohl, Erhard Prof. Dr. 2001, â€Å"Nillo Work†, Brynmorgen Press. |Online|, available at: http://www. ganoksin. com/borisat/nenam/nillo-work-10-1. htm â€Å"Byzantine Art†, 2003, Online Catholic Encyclopedia, K. Knight. |Online|, available at: http://www. newadvent. org/cathen/03095a. htm â€Å"Cloisonne†, 2005, Chinese Moods. |Online|, available at: http://www. chinesemoods. com/cloisonne. html Crystal, Ellie. 1995  œ 2005, â€Å"The Byzantine Empire: The Roman Byzantine Period†, Crystal Links Encyclopedia. |Online|, available at: http://www. crystalinks.com/byzantine. html â€Å"Decorative Arts: Middle Ages: The Harbaville Triptych. † N. d. , The Louvre Museum. Online|, available at: http://www. louvre. fr/llv/oeuvres/detail_notice. jsp? CONTENT%3C%3Ecnt_id=10134198673226172&CURRENT_LLV_NOTICE%3C%3Ecnt_id=10134198673226172&FOLDER%3C%3Efolder_id=9852723696500778&bmUID=1133157145797&bmLocale=en Jones-Nerzic, Richard. June 2002, â€Å"European Medieval Pilgrimage Project – Relics. † Virtual School History Department. |Online|, available at: http://194. 3. 120. 243/humanities/vs/pilgrims/relics. htmâ€Å"Reliquary of the True Cross (Staurotheke), late 8th–early 9th century Byzantine; Made in Constantinople†, 2005, Metropolitan Art Museum of New York. |Online|, available at: http://www. metmuseum. org/toah/ho/06/eusb/hod_17. 190. 715ab. htm â€Å"The first iconoclastic period: 730-787†, 2005, Wikipedia. |Online|, available at: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Iconoclasm#The_first_iconoclastic_period:_730-787 â€Å"The Medieval World: Triptych Icon of Hodegetria with Saints. † 2001, The Walters Art Museum. |Online|, available at: http://www. thewalters.org/html/collec_object_detail. asp? ID=2&object_ID=71. 158 â€Å"Vatican Treasures. † 1998, Cleveland Museum Of Art, Past Exhibits. |Online|, available at: http://www. clevelandart. org/exhibit/vatican/ Vican, Gary. 1982, â€Å"Byzantine Pilgrimage Art. † Dumbarton Oaks, Trustees for Harvard University, Washington, D. C. |Online|, available at: http://www. doaks. org/PilgrimageArt. pdf Secondary Reference Treadgold, Helen. 1997, â€Å"History of the Byzantine State and Society†, Stanford University Press. Secondary resource contained within Wikipedia, cited above.

Research methodology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Research methodology - Essay Example According to Johnson (2008), some scholars argue that domestic violence is mainly perpetrated by men, while others argue that women are equally violent as their male counterparts in intimate relationships. The second debate involves establishing the number of women that are abused by their partners annually. According to Leone et al. (2007), between two to six million women are abused by their partners globally per year. However, Johnson (2008) argues that these estimates are generalized, ignoring the types of violence perpetrated in an intimate partner relationship. This is a research methodology of establishing the types of intimate partner violence and the number of women that are afflicted by the violence in New York City in United States. According to Johnson, (2008), domestic violence does not occur as a unitary incident. Johnson, (2008) classifies intimate partner violence into four types. These include intimate terrorism, situational couple violence, mutual violence and violent resistance. This classification is based on the part that power and control play in an intimate relationship. To collect information on the types of intimate partner violence, this study will concentrate on establishing the number of women that are abused annually in the United States. Using Johnson (2008) classification of intimate partner violence, the number of abused case will be established. This study will cover New York City whereby the data of abused persons in relationships will be obtained from health records in hospitals and other facilities such as pol ice departments, counseling institutions where cases of domestic violence are reported. This information will be obtained from the database of these institutions where applicable. In addition, collecting the data directly from responsible authorities in these institutions and victims of domestic violence will be undertaken in order to include statistics of intimate

Last part Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Last part - Essay Example Aljawhra also sign in the gym so we can go together instead of me going alone. Indeed, my friend pointed out that she will join me in the yoga and meditation session when she has a chance although she is a working woman. She asked me to come to her home and visit any time as I feel that I need to see someone when feel low and depressed. Aljawhra also mentioned that after every month we will create an overview of the improvements to keep me strong and a list of weak moments which we both would try to avoid in future. I am really surprised and grateful of Aljawhra’s offer because it really means a lot to me to have my best friend supporting me through thick and thin and help me overcome my failure. The course of stress management provided me a lot of information about stress and how to deal with it. I was really surprised me with the amount of methods one can practice on their own to reduce and control stress. In fact, this course was one of the most promising and persuading courses as it constituted of different activities we practiced and topics we discussed in class. This course also helped me to identify my own stressors and learn how to deal with then in a healthy and independent manner. I really enjoyed this course and do not regret taking

Positioning and differentiation strategies Essay

Positioning and differentiation strategies - Essay Example Positioning strategy is influenced by the attributes, the types of the consumers who are involved in this process, application and the object attributes. Differentiation strategy is concerned with developing the unique products and services for different types of customers. Differentiation strategy is considered as one among the three generic marketing strategies. Mayo Clinic has been established for offering the best available services to its patient through the integrated clinical practice and the education and research. For developing the reputation of the clinic it has focused on the positioning strategy. Mayo Clinic in order to attract more of its customers or patient has concentrated on the needs and the requirements of the patients and it has also developed the level of commitment of its staff. In terms of the cost, Mayo clinic have engaged lot of engineers in there clinic who are constantly engaged in improving the efficiency of the science and technology. The clinic has a training centre that guides or assists the staff in the use or the application of the technology for removing or decreasing the waste and therefore it has taken various initiative that will result in the better or suitable outcome that will be safe for the patients and therefore it has focused on providing the better services at a affordable and reasonable cost that will increase the value of the clinic. Mayo clinic has positioned itself as a diagnostic centre. The positioning is considered as an important strategy for developing and increasing the customer base and also the brand equity. The positioning strategies of Mayo clinic is mainly focusing on driving the growth , achieving the goals and the objectives defining the brand, improving the services and understanding the patient and offering the best available services to its patients. Since there are different positioning strategies adopted by

How informatics has altered nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

How informatics has altered nursing - Essay Example Additionally nurses, while already known in general for having a wide range of skills and competencies, must thus be able to adapt and learn newer skill sets in order to better discharge their duties. All in all, that more and more people in hospitals require intensive care from nurses means that there is an equally dire need for the succeeding generations of nurses to be as competent as they possibly can be. Taking all these things into account, it should not be surprising that nursing as a profession has become highly in-demand, or that nursing has and will forever be changing to adapt with the times – thanks in part to the existence of nursing informatics. It is for this reason that nurses have always been able to reinforce their practices with a constant flow of newer knowledge – which, in this day and age, is something that they will definitely need more than ever before. Nursing Informatics – Past/Present/Future Trends, Benefits of Such Practices Saba and M cCormick (2001) have defined healthcare informatics in general as the integration of the branches of health, computer, information and cognitive sciences in managing healthcare information. Nursing informatics is one of its three subtypes – the other two being health and medical informatics, respectively – and is in turn defined by Hannah et al (1985) as how nurses make use of information technology in carrying out their daily duties. And this definition, too, was further expanded by Graves and Corcoran (1989) as â€Å"a combination of computer science, information science and nursing science designed to assist in the management and processing of nursing data, information and knowledge to support the practice of nursing and the delivery of nursing care† (p. 227). There can be little doubt that it is thanks to this particular branch of healthcare informatics that nurses have always been able to maintain a certain level of quality when it comes to their work; in f act, as stated by Curran (2003), it is absolutely essential that nurses and clinicians alike have some degree of competence here so that they will continue to maintain their competence and the quality of the healthcare they administer. Ball (2003) helps provide an overview of the evolution of nursing informatics. Even as early as the mid-80s, nurses could make use of the then-existing laptop computers during seminars, but today these laptops have become accessible even up to the patient’s bedside. And despite the existence of laptops then, their steep price made them too expensive to be commonplace in hospitals – or anywhere else, for that matter. Typewriters had the advantage of being much less costly, and much easier to use, but the cost of correction fluid could get to be a headache at times – much more so for those nurses who happened to make lots of mistakes while working. However, for the longest time, most nurses – that is, those who neither owned computers nor could afford to spend on them – had to deal with these potentially cumbersome contraptions. This being the case, the advent of computer technology has been a definite godsend. Where a few years ago, a nurse would have to jot down every single detail on a particular patient’

Special education discussion Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Special education discussion - Coursework Example For instance, a story about a blind person who still went ahead to finish his postgraduate studies and does motivational talks for other people with disabilities as well. Some of them despite their disabilities, work very hard against the perception that the society has towards them. They work very hard to prove that disability is not inability and that they can do the things that people without disabilities can do. Some of the articles are educative on the types of disabilities that exist. For instance, there are people who are physically challenged such as those who cannot walk, the blind and the deaf. Understanding special education is a skill that most people especially those dealing with the people living with disabilities should have (Friend, 2010). They need to be able to understand their feelings towards certain issues in addition to being very understanding. For instance, the teacher has to have some knowledge of braille if he is interacting with blind students. He also has to learn sign language if he dealing with deaf students. There is a group of teachers who are skilled in dealing with people living with disabilities and challenged in one way or another. This is particularly the case where the disability is so severe that the child cannot learn in normal classroom with the rest of her peers (Friend, 2010). The procedures of special education is so detailed and each child is treated differently according to the type of students that they are dealing with. Each type of disability has its own method of teaching and thus the carers should be aware of such. The mentally challenged is the most disadvantaged group as they are very easily taken advantage of. There have been many incidences where mentally disabled people have been locked in houses with no access whatsoever to the outside world. This is because they are not capable of having the same emotional responses as the rest of the population (Marshall,

Shell company's efforts, actions and initiatives regarding Assignment

Shell company's efforts, actions and initiatives regarding sustainability - Assignment Example They have divided their whole work strategy into two directions, Up-stream and down-stream. In the Upstream strategy they are actually looking forward to discover newer oilfields and at the same time also working on the existing methods to increase efficiency and productivity. In the downstream strategy they invest the earnings to earn financial gains. They focus on providing the supply to the demands of the energy of the world and that to in an environmentally friendly way and at the same time focus on sustainable development. ROYAL Dutch Shell plc commonly known as â€Å"SHELL† is a multinational BRITISH-DUTCH oil and gas company. Its headquarter is situated in THE HAGUE, NETHERLANDS and a registered office in LONDON, UK. SHELL is amongst one of the leading company in the field of oil and gas industry; indulge itself not only in the production and refineries of petroleum products but also paved its way in the major energy products like â€Å"bio fuel, hydrogen and power gen eration†. SHELL is keen in fulfilling and guaranteeing energy needs of people in ways that are highly economical, environmental and social responsible. Owing to the future challenges and threats regarding our energy demands, environment and its safety such as â€Å"increasing population and rising urbanization† will hit our energy sources hardly and will eventually bring us to the verge of shortage of energy sources, according to an estimation that our world’s population will reach to 9 billion by 2050 which means that many people will fall in the hands of energy poverty. Also it was estimated by INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY that $38 trillion will be required for infrastructure to meet energy demands by 2035, beside these GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE is a great threat. As a result SHELL has molded its approach in accordance with these challenges in order to neutralize energy needs and energy sources, framed its policies and strategies under thorough case examinations of challenges in a very effective and righteous manner, reach to the conclusion in which they prioritized â€Å"SUSTAINABILITY† above all. Thus the energy sources that SHELL provides must be able to face these global challenges and threats which will lead towards building a â€Å"SUSTAINABLE ENERGY FUTURE†. In the words of PETER VOSER, CEO, SHELL: â€Å"with tough economic conditions prevailing, and momentous social change taking place in some countries, the world must not lose sight of longer-term challenges.† SHELL considers the two most dominating factors in putting a fight against these challenges. 1st is the GREEN HOUSE REGULATION.2nd is the development of sustainable urban cities i-e, smarter cities. These two factors effects the growing energy need to the extent of much reduction in energy demands as these smarter cities will set independency in the transport, energy systems etc. As a matter of fact that SUSTAINABILITY development is a basic need of todayâ⠂¬â„¢s era. All of sustainable developments and standards are framed by â€Å"HEALTHY, SAFETY, SECURITY, ENVIRONMENT and SOCIAL PERFORMANCE (HSSP & SP). It governs all the related issues. It sets basic priorities, rules, regulations and all concerns bodies ought to abide by them. The CEO chairs the (HSSP & SP) and accesses management of sustainability development. These policies and performances are thoroughly inspected with respect to the SHELL general business principles and (HSSP

Investigation and evaluation of the opportunities of food retailer Essay

Investigation and evaluation of the opportunities of food retailer Tesco expending into Mumbai of India - Essay Example According to Czinkota and Ronkainen (2007) international marketing can be portrayed as a process of planning and carrying out transaction across the national boundaries, in order to create an exchange and to satisfy the needs of the organization. The forms of international marketing are generally export-import trade, wholly owned subsidiaries, joint ventures, licensing, management contracts and turnkey operations. This study aims to evaluate the opportunities of food retailer Tesco expending into Mumbai, India. In other words, the objective of the study is to uncover the opportunity for food retailer Tesco to setup its business in Mumbai. Tesco PLC, the UK based multinational general merchandise and grocery retailer is presently headquartered at Cheshunt, Hertfordshire, England (Yahoo Finance, 2012). It was founded by Jack Cohen in the year 1919. Based on its strong performance and determination, the company has been able to achieve colossal success in a short span of time. The compa ny is considered as one of the largest retailers of the world. Tesco is the second largest retailer in terms of net profit, just after Walmart, and the third largest retailer in terms of revenue, just after Carrefour and Walmart. ... Earlier the company used to position itself as a company which sells in large quantity and at low price. However the company has repositioned itself as a company that appeals to a mass customer through its wide range of products and value. The strategy paid off to a large extent as Tesco was successful in setting up 2000 stores more from the period of 1990 to 2005. Figure 1- Countries Where Tesco Operates (Source: DeadAnarchistPhil, 2012) With depressing economic environment, people are moving towards cheaper and value products. Some of the established players of Mumbai grocery retail industry such as Reliance Fresh, Aditya Birla’s MORE, Big Bazar, Metro Cash & Carry, and Marks & Spencer among others. (Source: Sood and Jashnani, 2012) Considering the present market conditions, the only way a company can earn profit is by satisfying the customers. Therefore proper segmenting and targeting the customers have become an indispensible task. In order to segment a market, companies n eed to consider factors such as psychographic aspect, demographic aspect, geographic aspect and behavioural aspect (Lao, 1998, p.114). According to the reports, the current strategy of the company is developed to compliment the vision, address the changing needs of the consumers and to satisfy the global nature of the company’s business. The strategy of the company is to create highly valued brands and customers with a variety of choice. This strategy helps the company to target customers from different segments of the society (Tescoplc, 2012). In addition, it also allows the company to realise economies of scale in the field of marketing and production. Moreover Tesco has the ability to sell products at a low price and therefore the company should deem catering to

Superman, Thor and Batman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Superman, Thor and Batman - Essay Example Studying these characters, how they were created and even the period when they were made, one can discover the reason behind their creation and possibly have a better understanding of the culture during that time. In America where one can find the movie capital of the world, superhero fans have tried to interpret what these characters, specifically Superman, Batman and Thor may want to stand for in relation to their homeland. Superman is one, if not, the most famous superhero of all time. The character’s popularity reaches outside the United States. At costume parties or children’s birthdays, the Superman theme is always a favorite. There is something in the man’s personality and overall appearance that has made people, especially Americans, a fondness. It is no wonder then that Superman who fights for â€Å"Truth, Justice and the American Way† has been believed to symbolize America more than any other super figure. The Superman everyone today is familiar with was supposedly influenced by not only one but several figures in the lives of then-teenage creators Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster. A storyteller and an artist, respectively, Jerry and Joe, initially created an image in the likeness of philosopher Nietzsche’s Superman. ... Hugo Danner, a fictional character with superpowers in a book the boys were fond of, was said to have given inspiration to Superman’s strengths. There was also the likeness to the biblical figure Moses. The deliverer of the Jewish people (Siegel and Shuster were of Jewish origin) was also left by his parents to save him, adopted by others and lived a double life. Some people say that mild-mannered Kent and the indestructible Superman were a representation of the Jewish people’s meekness and their hope of saving their families from the Nazis. Everyone knows the story of Superman. An alien sent to Earth by his parents, the boy is adopted by the Kents, a middle-class couple who lives in the countryside. The adoptive parents raise him without encouraging the use of his supernatural powers. As an adult, he is depicted as a humble, unassuming and shy newspaper reporter. He wears black, unfashionable, corrective glasses and walks with his shoulders slouched and his hair parted to the side. This is Clark Kent, Superman in his â€Å"human† form. At the sound of trouble, Clark changes into a charming, physically impressive and powerful man who helps anyone in distress. Although he appears to be invincible, he is weakened by kryptonite, a kind of stone that comes from, ironically, Superman’s own home planet, Krypton. Superman can be viewed as an epitome of America’s dominant figure in the world. Similar to Superman, the country is the current super power. It uses its resources and strength to protect its own and the other countries, big or small, who ask for help. It does not condone evil doings. The world was witness to America’s strength when it dominated in wars against Japan, Korea, Spain, Great Britain and Iraq. Like how people in Metropolis look up to

Confucius and Plato Essay Example for Free

Confucius and Plato Essay Editor Ken Wolf, at the beginning of the essay Confucius and Plato: A Few Really Good People, poses the question: â€Å"What is the best way to create a strong society? † (Wolf 25) It was surprising to a novice student of philosophy how similar the ideas of the ancient Chinese sage Confucius and famous Greek philosopher Plato were. Although, Confucius and Plato both made major contributions to the development of society, they showed both similarities and differences in these three subjects: ruling class, education, and faith in humanity. Confucius and Plato both believed virtue and intelligence were key components to creating a strong society. Confucius thought anyone who has been educated had the capability to develop into a ruler. Whereas Plato assumed anyone could be educated, but only a few, those in the ruling class had the ability to reason and thus were qualified to rule. In addition, Plato gave credence to the idea of being born into the ruling class, that the quality to reason was an inherited quality. Confucius and Plato were both strong believers that order was another main factor in a strong society. Although they both had laws to maintain the order, Plato had less faith in people in general to behave in a civilized manner. Both Confucius and Plato were in favor of education and were teachers themselves. Confucius’s followers were the ones who wrote the Analects, which talked about how civilization depends on â€Å"humanity† and â€Å"propriety†. Plato actually wrote The Republic which talked about his ideal â€Å"philosopher-king†. Plato established the Academy, which taught principles of ethics and government, for 900 years. Confucius attempted to teach the ruler to become a better person, but failed. The concepts put forth by Confucius and Plato begin to differ more when faith in humanity comes into play. Confucius and Plato both wanted to think there was good in everyone, but Confucius believed more in a â€Å"†¦society in which human relationships—especially those within the family—were more important than laws. † (Wolf 27) Plato concluded that the people needed to be controlled for there to be order. That control was maintained through the law. They both sought out peace and harmony, although Confucius focused more on the behavior of individuals and Plato was interested in universal truth even though it probably would not be accepted,. Plato felt that if a person tried to bring enlightenment to the masses â€Å"†¦they would probably try to kill to him for telling such tall tales, disrupting their lives and challenging their accustomed beliefs. † (Wolf 31) Even today, most people would agree with Confucius and Plato about the importance of educating people in the development of a strong society. The idea of relationships as the basis of society may be summed up in: â€Å"Do unto others as you would have them do unto you. † This Golden Rule seems to be as important to Western society as it was to Chinese society. However, the idea of a better quality of citizen that is better suited to lead society smacks of elitism and would definitely not be accepted in modern democracies. However, that does not mean that the elite educated class from Harvard and Yale has not been overrepresented in American leadership. So perhaps we have a ruling elite, but not as overt as Plato would like. A final thought from the essay would be: a harmonious and orderly existence is important to all societies.

Marketing Strategy for Low Income Consumers

Marketing Strategy for Low Income Consumers After evaluating the Case Study Unilever in Brazil(1997-2007): Marketing Strategies for low-income consumers the following points are credible. After the long recession period Brazils economy is growing and that is reflected on consumers purchasing power(Increased by 27% for the poorest 10%) and market is also growing with 17% annual rate. After analysing various options, I think it would be beneficial for Unilever to choose a strategy for Market development by introducing existing brand from its Latin American portfolio like Ala. New Marketing Mix should consist Good Quality, Low Price, Attractive packaging, Specialized Distribution system and Promotion. Changes in a new marketing strategy is urgently required for Unilever as PG is very aggressively reactive (By acquisition, re-imagining and re-positioning of brands.) Ala should be priced $1.55/Kg (Approx) and should be launched in both box and sachet packing. Sachet packing will be offered with free extra quantity due to cheap packaing cost. We can introduce 2kg 3kg bags with attractive price. Unilever should introduce a new distribution management system that includes both Generalist Wholesaler and Specialized Distributors. Unilever need to build direct relationship with 75,000 small shops by giving credit and incentive. Unilever also be having an option to start production of Ala in NE region, as government is providing lot of tax Incentives that will help Unilever to produce at low cost. Consumer Behaviour Like any other country Brazilian consumers also have their own beliefs, values and lifestyle. Washing is one of the major activity for women in NE and various sentiments and emotions like pride, care, pleasure and satisfaction are attached to it. Washing is a medium of socializing for women in NE, because only 28% household own a washing machine and mostly they wash their clothes in a public laundry, river or pond. Women in NE wash clothes using laundry soap and around 73% thinks that for cleaning clothes bleach is necessary. Current usage of detergent powder is just for giving good smell to clothes. Decision making process for buying a detergent powder in NE is based on several criteria as shown in Table 1. (Solomon et al, 2009 p.155) Table 1: Evaluation Criteria [Source: Exhibit 5 : Unilever in Brazil Case Study] 30% (51.06 Million) of Brazils population earn less than $125 a month. More specifically 25.4miliion in NE and 25.62 Million in the SE.NE consumers are very price sensitive. Diagram 1 Around 40% of Northeast population is illiterate and they generally buy products on the recommendation of local shopkeepers, word of mouth, television advertisements, visual identity and graphics. (Solomon et al, 2009 p.158) In spite of low Income, NE consumers are very self esteemed and sensitive about their social status and cleanliness, so they wash clothes more frequently 5 times a week compare to 3.9 times a week in SE. Washing can be considered as Ego need (Higher-Level Need) for NE consumers according to Maslows Hierarchy of Needs. Abraham Maslow (1970) in his study of Consumer behavior proposed a Hierarchy of Needs and related Products. And refereed Self esteem as Ego based need. (Solomon et al, 2009 p.161) Physiological Need (Water, Food, Sleep) Safety Need (Security, Shelter) Belongingness (Love, Friendship, relationships) Ego Needs (Prestige, status, self esteem) Self Actualization Higher -Level Needs Lower-Level Needs NE Customers needs with respect to washing is more Ego based (Pride, Self Esteem Status) Diagram 2: Maslows Hierarchy of Needs and related Products (Maslow, 1970) [Adapted and modified from Solomon et al (2009), Marketing Real People,Real Decisions,Page 161.] Market Analysis Major Brands in Market Unilever is a Market leader in Brazils detergent powder market with 81% Market share followed by PG with 15% market Other local brands(4%). In Northeast region Unilever is having 75% market share followed by PG 17.5% and others with 7.5% market share. NE Detergent powder market is growing with 17% annual growth. Table 2: Main Players in NE Detergent Market [Source: Exhibit 7 : Unilever in Brazil Case Study] But unlike NE Detergent powder market, Laundry market ($102 Million, 81,250 tons) is totally different and growing with 6% annual growth, Unilever is a market leader in Laundry soap market as well with one brand Minerva (19% market share) and major competitor for Unilever is ASA with a brand Bem-te-vi (11% market share). Table 3: Main Players in NE Laundry Soap Market [Source: Exhibit 7 : Unilever in Brazil Case Study] Strategic Competitive Analysis Unilever has segmented market by geo-demographic segmentation based on Income(High Income Low Income) and geographic locations (SE NE) and currently targeting the high income consumers in SE.(Solomon et al, 2009 p.215-220) Unilever has positioned their products in market with respect to various key features of products like Omo with remove stain with low quantity, Minerva with Emotional appeal and Pleasant smell and Campeiro with Low cost. Whereas PG has started reacting very aggressively after taking in consideration of growing Brazils economy by acquiring Quanto, Odd Faces and Pop from Bomrill. And after making some manufacturing changes, launched Quanto as Ace, Odd Faces as Bold and kept Pop (the low price brand) unchanged. PG positioned their products like Ace with Whiteness, Bold with Softness and Pop with low cost. Table 4: Current Strategies of Various Brands ASA (Local Brazillian Comoany), also segmented market by geo-demographic and currently targeting Low income consumers in NE. ASA positioned its brand (Invicto) in market by focusing the low income consumers. Invicto is one of the key competitor of Campeiro in low income consumer segment. After analysing the complete market situation, I found that currently PG is the most active player of the market though PGs market share is not much high (As they acquired all the three brands this year.). So I think PG will give very tough competition to Unilever in a long run. SWOT Analysis The SWOT analysis is the method of understanding Internal and External Environment of an organization (Kotler 2000, Page 46 and Solomon et al, 2009 p.66). SWOT analysis of Unilever provides a summary of Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Strengths Threats Opportunities WeaknessesInternal Environments External Environments Diagram 1: SWOT Analysis Internal Environment Strengths Good Market reputation with 75% market share. High quality products Differentiated Products Brand Awareness Weaknesses Demographic market Segmentation Weak distribution system Lack of Expertise in Customer relationship Management Week RD and marketing expertise External Environment Opportunities NE is a very high potential market (48 million). NE detergent powder Market is growing by 17% annual growth. Unilever can capture NE low income market to enter first in it. Increase in purchasing power of poorest 10% consumers. Brazilian government providing tax incentives for encouraging investment in NE. NE women wash clothes more frequent then SE, so it leads to higher consumption. Threats Economic downturn might affect the growth and sales. PGs RD and Marketing Expertise Cannibalization Local NE detergent manufacturers. Marketing Strategy Segmentation Diagram 2: Distribution of Social Classes Northeast Southeast Unilever had segmented the complete Brazilian market into two segments based on location and Income (demographic Segmentation). (Solomon et al, 2009 p.215-220) But I think Unilever need to create a new segment that will focus consumer in Social class E- E+, because we have 53% (25.44 million) in NE and 21% (25.62 million) in SE. Both the region is having equal number of low income consumers (as per percentage of total population in region). So this new segmentation will target not only NE low income consumer but SEs low income consumers as well (30% (50.70 Million) of Overall Brazil population). Table 5: Distribution of population as per social classes [Source: Exhibit 2 : Unilever in Brazil Case Study] Targeting Market Till now Unilever is a Market leader by targeting High Income Consumer segment (SE). For entering into Low income consumer market, Unilever need to prepare and implement a new targeting strategy because its a very huge market segment (53% NE and 21% SE). So what will be the Unilevers possible targeting strategy? Igor Ansoff (1957) in his study on Strategies of Diversification suggested a marketing tool (Market growth Matrix) and as per Ansoffs market growth matrix, Unilever is having two potential options out of four: Unilever is targeting new market segment, so option 12 automatically neglected. (Ansoff, 1957 p.113) Existing Product New Product Market Penetration Diversification Market Development Product Development Unilever can launch a Completely New Product in NE after RD and according to NE customers need. Unilever can Re-position existing brands or launch brand from existing international portfolio. Market. Diagram 3: Ansoffs Market Growth Matrix [Adapted and modified from Ansoff ,(1965), Corporate Strategy ,Page 109.] Existing Product in Existing Market (Market Penetration) Unilever is already having 87% (National Average is 81%) market share in SE with three brands. New Product in Existing Market (Product Development) Unilever is a market leader in SE higher Income segment, so no need to launch Ala. Existing Product in New Market (Market Development) Market Development can be the best strategy for Unilever in current scenario because Unilever is already having a good brand image in NE. Unilevers main challenge is to develop a market and try to change the washing habit of Low Income consumers by shifting them to detergent powder from laundry soap. New Product in New Market (Diversification) Diversification is the most risky option compared to the others because we are moving into the market with a New Product in which company is having very little or no experience. Market Penetration Product Development Market Development Diversification Low Risk High Risk Diagram 4: Risk associated with Market strategies In the current situation Unilever should choose the 3rd Option (Market Development), because Unilevers existing market (SE) is already developed with 87% Market Share (Option 12) and currently Unilever is looking for expand his business in NE and to capture low income consumer in SE as well. What all options are currently available to Unilever in Market development? Positioning the Product (Marketing Mix) Positioning Positioning New Brand in NE market by fulfilling customers need Distribution Specialized Distribution High availability Price Low Price (affordable) Product Fulfill NE Consumers need Good Smell Low Price High Quality Promotion TV Advertisements Sponsoring local Events Sample distribution Diagram 5: Marketing Mix [Adapted and modified from Ansoff , Lars Perner, 2010 http://www.consumerpsychologist.com/cb_Segmentation.html.] Product Strategies Unilever is having four options to position Product in NE market. Brand Extension of Omo (A cheaper version of Omo): It is a very risky option and will lead to high cannibalization. (Solomon et al, 2009 p.290) Re-positioning Minerva: It can be an option but Minerva is a bit costly product ($2.40 WP) for Low income consumers and reducing price and compromising in Quality can damage a brand image and lead to cannibalization. Re-positioning/Brand Extension Campeiro: Camperio is available in the market since 1984 and having just 6% market share. It is currently positioned as a Cheap Low Quality product in NE consumers, so Re-positioning of Campeiro is very time taking and a costly affair. (Solomon et al, 2009 p.228) Introduce a brand from the international portfolio: Without taking risk with existing brands, this can be a potential option for Unilever to introduce a new brand from its international portfolio like Nevex, Ala or Marsella (Latin America). I think It can be Ala (Means WING in Portuguese), only brand that is having a meaningful name. Ala can be positions between Minerva and Campeiro in terms of quality and below Campeiro in terms of price by effective marketing planning. Since NE consumers like Omo very much and currently use detergent powder just for good smell, so the fragrance of the Ala should be same as Omo and if possible Unilever should launch Ala in 2 or 3 different fragrances. Alas Packaging should be Proper, Attractive and cost effective packaging. Ala should be available in the market in a pack of 1kg, 500gm in both cardboard pack and plastic pack (Save detergent from moisture) and 250 gm 100gm in plastic sachets. Plastic sachet cost just 30% of Cardboard pack, so Unilever can offer consumers an additional quantity in plastic bags in same price. Ala will be priced between $1.5 and $1.6 per Kg, so we can easily offer an extra 20% to 25% quantity in plastic bags as Cardboard box cost $0.35 and Plastic Pack $0.10. (Solomon et al, 2009 p. 307 and Kotler, 2009 p.195) Table 6: Product Packing Matrix *Extra Quantity on plastic bag because of low cost of packaging Consumers always get attracted by special offers and additional quantity of product and since Unilever is the pioneer in the market, it will help Unilever to achieve good market share. While launching Ala, we can give some introductory offers like buy 1kg and get 500gm and 2kg and get 1kg free. Pricing Strategies Currently Unilever has priced (Whole Sale) product Omo with 22.45%, Minerva with 11.63% and Campeiro with 9.68% profit. Ala will also be priced with 9.15% (Approx) profit to wholesalers at $1.55 (Approx) that will be the lowest priced detergent powder available in the market as per the data available in case study. Best quality product in the lowest cost will be the USP for this Ala. (Solomon et al, 2009 p.370-374) Table 7: Cost Profit Calculation Matrix [Source: Exhibit 10 : Unilever in Brazil Case Study] Plastic Sachet packing reduces total cost of production by 25%, but NE consumers are having special attachment with boxes and Plastic Sachet Packed Product is assumed as low quality product. So we will introduce Ala in both box and plastic sachet packing where on the latter we give 25% extra quantity. Table 8: Profit difference in Box Sachet Packing *will offer 25% extra quantity Promotion Strategies Currently Unilevers promotion strategy is 70% above-the-line and 30% below-the-line. But for Ala it need to be changed to 40% above-the-line and 60% below-the- line, as low income consumers more attracted and relies on word of mouth publicity, small shop displays, holdings, sample distribution, free gifts etc. But moving towards below-the-line promotion not only Unilever can achieve better results in a low income consumer market but can also save money on promotions. (Solomon et al, 2009 p.37, 398-406) Ala should be promoted with the key messages like best quality, good smell, Care, Pride and self esteem. Ala will Packed in colorful box and sachet with the indication of quality and good fragrance by showing flowers etc. Point of purchase also need to be modified accordingly because several time consumer make decision changes by viewing point of purchase promotion and shopkeepers advice. (Solomon et al, 2009 p.167) Shopkeepers also need to be taken in confidence by providing credit and incentive. Target Audience (Women between 20 -50 years) Budget and Promotion Objective ($0.20/kg and Emotional appeal (Like Care, Pride and Good Smell) Designing Advertisement Media Type (TV, Outdoor Advertising, Public Relations and Sales Promotion by sample distribution, shop displays etc). Evaluation of Promotion Diagram 6: Promotional Strategy development [Adapted and modified from Solomon et al ,(2009), Marketing Real People Real Decesion ,Page 109.] Distribution Strategies The most important thing to make any product successful and to increase revenue, sales and market share is a good distribution system. You cant sell, what isnt there7 (Solomon et al, 2009, Page 494) With the Ala, Unilever is targeting to gain business in a low income consumer market that will be possible only when the product will be available on traditional retail shops (Main point of purchase for Low income consumers). For targeting the high income consumers in the big supermarket Unilevers current distribution system is well sufficient but to target low income consumers Unilever should take help from specialized distributors as well. (Solomon et al, 2009 p.498-500) Unilever need to make some changes in the distribution system by creating the proper mix of Generalist Specialized distributors, so the product will be available at as many as locations possible. New distribution mix can be applied in SE as well because there are also 21% of low income consumers. New distribution system will not only captures more ground area but also reduce the cost of distribution.

The Methods Of Recruitment And Selection Commerce Essay

The Methods Of Recruitment And Selection Commerce Essay Organizations are made up of two key resources: people and money. People, who consist as its workforce, are the most valued asset (Plumbley 1976). The knowledge, skills and commitment the workforce brings has to be utilized to its maximum to enable the organisation thrive. Plumbley (1985) suggests that the profitability and even the survival of an organization normally relies upon the calibre of the workforce, and it has been debated that the costs of ineffectual commercial viability can most likely be linked to a long period of ineffective recruitment and selection methods (Lewis, 1984; Plumbley, 1985; Smith and Robertson, 1993; Terpstra, 1996). More so the processes involved with recruitment and selection of employees, their management and availability of skills and knowledge will give an enterprise a firm business strategy. Recruitment and selection are crucial processes for a successful organization, as hiring the appropriate staff can improve and sustain organisational performance (Petts 1997). Recruitment is simply linking those with jobs and those seeking jobs; in effect discovering the potential of prospective applicants for actual or anticipated vacancies. According to Edwin B. Flippo, recruitment is nothing but a process of searching for prospective candidates for employment, stimulating and encouraging them to apply for a job. An adequate recruitment process would consist of such progressive steps: Job definition, Person specification, Creation of recruitment and selection techniques, review and shortlist and offer of employment based on agreed contract (Peel and Dale 2001:9). Figure Recruitment and Selection Process (Ward 2007) In reality, the entire recruitment process is more complicated than just encouraging people. It targets the purpose of attracting the most suitable people at that point in time (Dale 2003:50). Invariably the problem of selection not only involves allocating the right individual for the right job, but it also entails the efficacy of the methods employed in order to achieve that purpose (Dempsey 1955). The entire process of selection starts from an initial screening interview and concludes with a final employment offer. Figure The Selection Process (Montana, Charnov 2000:216) While carrying out the selection process, management must have an answer to the question: What is required by the job? As such, any criterion taken into account in employee selection must be a Bona fide Occupational Qualification (BFOQ), or job related criteria to avoid any form of discrimination that is an illegality and punishable (Montana, Charnov 2000). Case Study Review Company Profile Framley engineering is a relatively small sized organisation that designs, develops, manufactures and sells superior electronics. A large proportion (60%) of the companys revenue is derived from export markets; hence the company has a strong market interested in the unique products offered. The organizations existence is hinged on the vital recruitment of RD engineers who are pioneers of in house technology and responsible for launching new products for the market. The company consist of 520 employees, 57 being engineers. The company is expanding due to the periodical recruitment of qualified engineers that are essential to its existence. With the following SWOT analysis, the companys current situation can clearly be presented: Strengths Framley engineering is a small sized company in comparison to its larger competitors but holds a first mover advantage (FMA), where it has been able to gain time over its competitors; and time advantage generally and in the field the company operates is the surest way to gain market share (Lieberman, Montgomery 1988). Weakness Lack of an effective recruitment and selection strategy by the Human Resource department, as a result of the incompetence of the Head of Human Resources and departmental heads using inadequate interviewing and selection skills for recruiting new engineers. This could be detrimental as it could reduce the companys competitiveness in the market as its success is dependent on quality engineers. Opportunities Steadily expanding through employing qualified engineers and across-the-board low labour turnover. Threats The recruitment of people with no relevant skills or knowledge, who are unfit for the organization as highlighted by the Director of Engineering at Framley engineering. This can lead to increased labour turnover, increased costs for the organization and eventually lower the morale of the workforce. Examining the SWOT analysis of the case study, it can be gathered that a major setback for Framley engineering is its grossly incompetent Head of Human Resource and departmental heads. The heads of department clearly lacked interviewing and selection skills basing decisions on personal grounds and prejudices which could be interpreted as a form of discrimination, possibly stereotyping or assigning of traits to people based on their social background. Although stereotyping is a natural mental process that enables the mind filter and categorizes stimuli, it becomes a stumbling block when recruiters view the aged, obese, sex and ethnic minorities within intransigent boundaries, assuming them as less qualified for a post based on their affiliation to a social group (Levesque 2005). An example is the case of James Connor (Greenhouse 2003), who was offered a job as a cook by McDonalds. Connor was 6 ft. tall and weighed 420 pounds therefore the chain had to order a customized uniform for hi m in which during the time of its arrival, the chain had changed management and the new owners decided against employing Mr Connor on account of his obesity. Thus it can be assumed that the new owners commits the perceptual blunder of the halo effect (Klein 2004) in deeming that because of one insignificant negative characteristic, their total perception of him and his abilities is distorted negatively (McShane et al 2005:19). Furthermore the effects of poor recruitment decisions as observed in the case study include: wastage of time and money spent on advertising, shortlisting, interviewing, saying good bye and re-hiring; negative individual and team morale where existing staff have to compensate for the new persons lack of skill or productivity. A major pitfall is the direct costs with having to re-recruit, estimated by the CIPD as  £3,500 per employee on the average (Management and Standards Centre n.d.). Effective Recruitment and Selection Strategies Recruitment Recruiting is seen as a positive process of generating a pool of candidates by reaching the right audience, suitable for the vacancy (Leopold 2002). The initial progression of recruitment is to create a job analysis which is vital for both the organization and applicants. If the post is needed in the organization, a job description is then collated. A typical job description comprises of the job title, location and what the job key functions are principal duties the job entails and the part it plays in the success of an organization. Thereafter, based on the job description a person specification can be composed. In definition, a person specification is a process by which both the required qualities vital to undertake the post and the desirable qualities of the ideal candidate for the job are described (Torrington et al 1992). In line with the case study, a job description should solely be created by the Human Resource department at Framley engineering. Though it is recommended that the HR Head confers with the Director of engineering (for required skills), whom the new recruits will be reporting to; as their relative input into the job role will be imperative and such relevant details which should be included in the specification. The next level is choosing appropriate steps in recruiting the best applicant. In effect there are three channels by which an organizations can recruit suitable candidates, there are: Internal, External and On-line recruitment. Internal recruitment involves advertising job posts on staff notice boards in staff rooms or announcing in staff meetings. Acknowledged by Leopold (2002), internal recruitment enables staff to progress within the organization through promotion to a new area, thereby providing them with valuable experience elevating them to a higher level in a similar role. For example, Tesco adopts internal recruitment calling it an Internal Talent Plan where it lists current employees looking for a move either on the same level or on promotion. The advantage of internal recruitment is that the manager is aware of the candidates capabilities thus avoiding the error of employing an external candidate who may not be motivated to commit to the development of the organization. In contrast, a significant obstacle of internal recruitment is that it may introduce a sense of indifference within the organization. Wherefore sometimes it is preferable to employ externally which could increase competition for promotions and improve appraisals, as employees will not feel as though they are in their comfort zone, knowing the organization employs internally. External recruitment involves recruitment agencies, job centres, referrals and new paper adverts. External recruitment is when a candidate is recruited from outside the organization as the candidate may bring creative ideas or skills needed. In relation to Framley engineering, the company employs externally, which is appropriate for its size, structure and field they operate in being the recruitment of RD engineers. The company needs outside experience which brings an injection of fresh and innovative ideas. Though this technique maybe costlier, it is essential to keep the company in operation as it is reliant on the quality of engineers and in house technology. The last recruitment technique is online recruitment which is a cost effective method for organizations as it shares information between candidates and recruiters, and information gathered can easily be updated. Though its major drawback is that it attracts series of unsuitable candidates and recruiters spend a lot of time extracting suitable ones (Beardwell 2007). Framley engineering should adopt this cost effective method as part of their recruitment policy though to fully utilize the method, recruiters must be in regular contact with potential candidates so that they are not lost to competition. Another example is Hong Kong airline Dragon Air, a subsidiary of Cathway Pacific Group which employs 1400 cabin crew staff. The airline uses online recruitment for costs and time saving as candidates submit their resume in fixed format through the internet. They also employ third party agencies such as Monster.com where data is consolidated and analysed by the quality of the candidate. Thi s has proved effective in employing the right workforce and can be emulated by Framley. In correlation, the next step in hiring applicants is assessing the adequate candidate for the post through sifting applications (Armstrong 2007). The sifting process encompasses classifying abundant applicants into probable, possible and unsuitable groups (Beardwell 2007). This is achievable through the comparison of different resumes and passing promising candidates to the selection process. Unsatisfactory should be notified in writing soonest according to CIPD directives (Beardwell 2007). Another technique that can be used in sifting applications is Bio data, which is the collation of data that consists of demographic information such as education, sex, age, educational qualifications, employment history, and hobbies etc. points are awarded according to their relevance to the post and data collected is scored by the bio data survey. The points accumulated determine applicants who can proceed to the next stage (Armstrong 2007). Selection Selection can be interpreted as the process of picking the appropriate candidates both inclined and capable to fill the post. Several selection techniques can be used to recognize the most suitable candidate for the post by reducing the pool (Leopold 2002). The several techniques could be: psychometric tests, assessment centres, interviews, references amongst others (Beardwell 2007). The most widely used technique is interviews as expressed by Torrington (2002), as a controlled conversation with a purpose. There are three types of interviews namely: individual interview, selection board and interviewing panels, the most common one being the individual interview which is more or less face to face. This allows close contact between the interviewer and interviewee, but may result in partial decisions based on personal grounds like depicted in the case study. It is glaring that the departmental heads did not comprehend the whole process of recruitment. They lacked the training required to enlighten them about the importance of the recruitment process and creating a strategy to effectively deal with hiring the right people, equal opportunities, minimizing costs from wrong hiring, and more importantly to identify marginal performers prior to hiring. Definitely, untrained and incompetent recruiters combined with inappropriate selection techniques will result in a workfo rce not being sufficiently qualified for the post they hold, which suffocates an organization as it gradually gets crushed under the pressure of rehiring adequate employees that forms the backbone of the company; as in this case Framley engineering. A much fairer method which may eradicate preconceived judgements is a panel interview, likely involving two line managers and one personnel manager to interview a single candidate. This allows fair discussions with a view from different angles. The last method is selection board interviews which is usually larger and more formal, and might have someone on the board more influential than others whose decisions might influence others on the board. This kind of interview enables people involved to make decisions on candidates according to relevant points. Framley engineering should adopt the panel interview method as it is more dynamic and candidates are assessed in a fairer manner as set of questions asked will be based on individual experiences. Other selection techniques is assessment centres, which entails candidates going through a series of exercises while being observed by assessors what skills were demonstrated, their capabilities and if they are suitable for the job to enhance the development of the organization (Fowler 1992). Tasks performed at assessment centres are psychometric tests, group, job and individual exercises (Porter 2001). However, although this method gives a look into how people would perform in groups which would be an advantage to organizations that require staffs to work in groups, it is among many techniques and the best way to understand and select a suitable candidate is through interview. Moreover the process can be very costly as it requires a lot of resources, hence mainly used by larger organizations therefore not suitable for Framley engineering. However, another technique which might be useful to the case study is using references. References are personal and accurate information gathered about applicants. This would enable the company know who they are recruiting. The downside of this method is that candidates can get anyone to write up a personal reference as Armstrong (2007) rightly pointed out that personal references are of course evidently useless as all they indicate is that the candidate has at least one or more friends. Thus, references should only come from Human resources and not from a previous manager or former workmate as they will be biased and conjure up a brilliant reference which is not beneficial as the organization needs to know the calibre of applicants they are recruiting. For an organization to adopt the best approach to recruitment and selection there are several external and internal factors to be taken into consideration before an ideal strategy can be formulated. Such factors shall be analysed furthermore. Internal Factors Foremost is the size of an organization as this determines what strategy to adopt. An organization with between 200 and 500 employees, as is the situation in the case study, would need to adopt a best use of techniques mentioned here. However much smaller firms with 50 plus employees do not require adopting all techniques mentioned as it is inadequate, time consuming and counterproductive due to relatively high costs. For example assessment centres are not needed by smaller firms as this would be expensive, and instead use of practical methods such as interviews and paper application. But assessment centres are invaluable to larger organizations recruiters will need to narrow down the large number of applicants as effectively used by corporations like British Gas that uses assessment centres where they use 90 statements in all and applicants are rated as amber, green or red. The colour grading shows the attitudes applicants have towards team building and people, therefore it goes to show which roles are best suited for an individual. Green and amber applicants are put forward unto the last stage while red ratings are not taken any further. The financial position of an organization also plays a crucial role as it has a major impact on the recruitment and selection policies an organization chooses. If a body is financially buoyant it can apply all the techniques but if otherwise can prove a weakness for organizations as strict budgets means limitations to techniques that can be employed to attract potential applicants. Consequently, it can be determined that when taking into consideration the internal factors, firms need to conform to their internal factors when choosing what recruitment and selection method to adopt. It can be seen that not all organizations can adopt the best practices due to size and financial constraints, however it is clear that all businesses can adopt the basic of recruitment and selection being interviews and applications. External Factors Political factors (macro environmental factors) such as government policy and legislation on race, sex and discrimination represents an important function in recruiting and selection methods, as organizations have to abide by laws that have been passed by government. Hence in reference to the case study, departmental heads and subsequently the head of HR may have to employ methods such as Bio data to prevent any discrimination laws from being broken as this could lead to the business closure and legal proceedings. Forces within the external labour market may play a role in firms recruitment and selection shortages. In the field where Framley engineering operates, there is competition for recruitment of RD engineers, thus the business might have to look outside the shores of Britain for suitable engineers, which would be an advantage since 60% of its revenue is derived from exports. A mix of foreign expertise could be beneficial for creating innovative products to suit the export market. This as well could be a complicated process as cross-border legalities must be adhered and exhaustive background checks must be carried out. It is apparent when analysing external factors, there are a series of conditions that influence organizations in choosing the most suitable technique. What is constant in external factors is that business climates and market forces are rapidly evolving, more so businesses need to adapt in order to remain competitive. For example companies such as Tesco who frequently uses labour from Eastern Europe countries will have a change in their recruitment and selection policies which results in the need to adapt to the changes in macro environmental factors (as mentioned above). Conclusion An organization that does not promote a best practice procedure will not only recruit ineffectively but put the business at a risk of closure due to failings of the Human resources department. There must be a close rapport between Human resources department, departmental heads and the Director of engineering, to ensure the techniques used and the person specification fits the job role. Particularly, utmost care should be taken to when interviewing for the recruiter to adopt a neutral position in order to avoid such mistakes like the halo effect, stereotyping and preconceived judgements. It is lastly imperative that interviewers are properly trained and heads of HR are accountable to either successes or failures of recruitment and selection policies.

Cloud Computing Essay -- Information Technology, Data, Security

INTRODUCTION Cloud computing has boost a large amount of interest in the IT industry. The market research and analysis firm IDC suggests that the market for cloud computing services was $16bn in 2008 and will rise to $42bn/year by 2012 (Chhabra, Verma & Taneja, 2010) .The era of cloud computing introduces a new dimension for Enterprises. The academia and research worlds have developed a keen interest into challenges and issues introduced by this relatively new concept (Sriram & Khajeh-Hosseini, 2009). As experienced by large or small companies while adopting cloud computing technology, the issues can be outlined as security, privacy, data migration as (Hosseini, et al., 2010 ). Adoption of cloud technology by enterprises especially those are using KBE (knowledge based engineering) systems are in risk in terms of migration their data over the cloud. Most enterprises are in a midst of creating, sharing, streaming and storing data in digital formats to allow collaboration , hence there is a need to continuously managed and protect the data to ensure its value and authenticity (Yale & Chow, 2011). Enterprises now acquire increasingly more information about their products, customers and partners- whether it’s stored in a cloud environment or not and failure to protect this data can be damaging. Partners and clients anticipate their information will be constantly protected before conducting business with a company. Within lay the need for complete data governance to manage and protect crucial data, which has become a key issue for the cloud (Yale, 2011). The literature review aims to address the adoption of cloud computing within enterprises those are using KBE systems and how this adoption of cloud will affect their data governan... ... this process, and it can take several months between the decision to procure hardware and the hardware being delivered, setup and ready to use. The use of cloud computing can greatly reduce this time period, but the more significant change relates to the empowerment of users and the diffusion of the IT department’s authority as pointed out by Yanosky [20]. For example, a company’s training coordinator who requires a few servers to run a week-long web-based training course can bypass their IT department and run the training course in the cloud. They could pay their cloud usage-bill using their personal credit card and charge back the amount as expenses to their employee. A similar scenario was recently reported by BP, where a group bypassed the company’s procurement, IT department and security processes by using AWS to host a new customer facing website [10].

Animal Farm - The End Justifed the Means :: Animal Farm Essays

END – Achieve freedom from humans and be able to look after themselves The means to get this was by Napoleon and Snowball taking charge and organizing the events in the other animals’ lives JUSTIFY – To whom was justification needed? - Other Animals - Pigs The animals believed that whatever the means, no matter how hard their lives would become, all would turn out for the best. Therefore, Squealer and Napoleon were able to justify this means to an end for them. Napoleon and Squealer were happy and felt that the means was justified because they were advantaged over the others. HOWEVER WAS IT JUSTIFIED? Most people would say ‘no, the end does not justify the means because the pigs were cruel’. However the means can be justified because the animals knew what the means would be, and the end that they had accepted the means for did not include cruel pigs. They felt that as long as the end was good for everyone, the means was justified. What the people mean when they say that ‘the end does not justify the means because the pigs are cruel’ is that they don’t like how the end that all the animals were looking forward to did not eventuate. This didn’t happen because there were in actual fact two ends, not one. Both the pigs and the other animals felt that the means had been justified, but unbeknown to the other animals, the pigs had a different goal. The means of giving Napoleon absolute power to let all animals have freedom and the ability to look after themselves was justified, however, unfortunately, due to the power which corrupted him, Napoleon never let this end get achieved. Napoleon changed the purpose for which this means was to be used. It is the pigs’ end of benefiting themselves only and dominating the other animals that does not justify the means. It is this end that people refer to when they do not agree with this statement, because this end is not a good end. Of course, the pigs thought that their end was good, but it wasn’t because they only wanted to advantage a minority and didn’t care about the other animals. It wasn’t enough for them that they succeeded in living comfortably, everyone else had to fail and struggle to live. The means

Finding Self Essay -- essays papers

Finding Self I realize that the whole universe is at my fingertips, as is my willingness to manifest what is needed in my reality. Every experience of life is God teaching me. As I look in this pure state of awareness, I feel this pure energy within my whole body. From the rhythm of my breathing, I feel a quiet state of attunement — one with God. My soul incarnated into a specific form on earth for a unique purpose. My journey is now and exists at this moment, whether I want to realize it or not. Knowing my life’s purpose and acting on it will give me direction and is a necessary step in achieving true happiness. To have this deeper experience requires the ability to have conscious awareness of Soul, or Higher Self. I find my life runs much more smoothly when I let the Universe run itself without any interference from me. As a matter of fact, the less my brain does its "stuff'', the more fulfilling my life becomes...hence more enriched. This above all: to thine own self be true, and it must follow the night and day, â€Å"Thou canst not then be false to any man.† â€Å"But I tell you to love your enemies and pray for anyone who mistreats you.†(Matthew 5:44) Humans are not all alike, one will hate you and the other will love you. The difference in moods is the reason why humans are who they are. The knowledge that everyone is different in some way, will lead to one giant leap on my journey. Loving thy neighbor no matter what, as stated in the Ten Commandments, will enrich my spiritual progression. Not being familiar with my actual role in this Universe at this stage of my existence is at times very frustrating and often very far-fetched. Nothing happens by chance. We are a part of a universe that is forever giving us... ...nnection. Balance, harmony, and compassion are the natural state of my innermost self. Since spirituality is an experience, the degree to which I reflect the qualities of balance, harmony and compassion in my everyday moment-to-moment experience will support my connection to God. These problems are made visible in the two opposite notions of the loss of the self, or alternatively, the absorption with the self, both of which impoverish our sense of self. I will argue against the notion of the self as one that is constantly changing to meet the demands of the competing voices surrounding it. Rather, I will not argue that I must find a vantage point from which to view the world and create a sense of self that persists through time. I cannot be, â€Å"populated with the character of others.† Being a â€Å"self† must mean more than being an image, wearing a mask, or playing a role.

Is the father really a good guy Essay

McCarthy has given a masterpiece that has moved many people with the way he constructed the story of the Road where a father and a boy were engaged in a life changing tragedy. There were also bad things that happened during that time by which one could question if the father is really a good guy. Upon reading the story, I am overly moved that the father is not that good. He may have saved the life of his son that was close to danger. The father must do it since it was his responsibility as the parent of the boy to take care of him in any circumstances until the boy reaches the right age. I think on that part, being a responsible father to him is a good sign that he gives importance to his duties and obligations as a father. The father might have provided the son with the things he need, and I think the boy greatly appreciates the effort in the story. However in the other parts of the story, the father I think was indifferent with the issues that are widespread in their place. He may have something that makes him act that way. Nonetheless, as a citizen, he must show bits of concern with her own state. Read more:Â  My Father Goes to Court Essay He must have shown concern, if not participation for the movements that might have happened in the story. Being a human being calls for many things in life. One must learn and understand that life isn’t that grand. We can’t see all the things we wanted, and never will it happen that what we expect every other people’s interactions with us be that good, the way we would treat them. Seeing the differences and uniqueness of each one of us, I guess that there really are many things that have to be considered in order to look into something if it’s really good or bad. Life on earth is not a fantasy that we can only see the good things, however seeing the other things here, the bad things, unreasonable and strange things, we must evaluate, and I guess have to do something for the situation. In the story, there were inhumanities that are witnessed and I think, being a good citizen might apply by taking into action some virtues that we learn from our ancient thinkers. Like the saying that giving is always better than receiving presents, it is applicable with the kids the father has seen. Even if they are not his sons or daughter, it was still a humane decision if he will extend a little help to them. Also, it might teach his son some of the good manners a man must do in order to give his life a better meaning. It will give the boy some ideas on how to react with every situation that comes along. If the father will just be gentle to other kids, then he (the son) might also be gentle and helpful in his future life. The end of the story was a sad one. After all his attempts to give his son a good life, the father still died and left his boy with no one else to be with. No one would have taken care of the boy not until the time he was adopted by someone with a good heart. The example that the guy has set and has portrayed in the role was the good man, who in the past has been already following them. He showed concern with the father and the son, giving the son the chance not to be miserable in that situation. Being good in the real sense is relative to the people who evaluate others. I think, in this case, I judged the father as a good father but not a good citizen. In evaluating this, he is not good since he is only good in one side. When someone or something is evaluated, it must first fit with the given categories. And since he was not consistent with the preferences I have set in seeing if a guy is a good guy or not, then he is a bad guy, ignoring some of the important things that might also affect his son in the long run. The guy could have just given his son some insights about life that will help him evaluate his own and of course, give him the idea of what a good citizen is. Instead, the other man who adopted the son was better showing concern, and seeing earlier the danger of the father overprotecting his son with all of the elements of life. Works Cited Cormac McCarthy. The Road. 2007. 13 December 2007. .

Dealing with Dog Waste

DEALING WITH DOG WASTE Identification and Definition a problem Context: A 2009 research report by Zero2IPO claims that the number of pets in China has grown 500% from 1999 to 2007. There are now estimated 200 million-plus pets in China and this number is expected to grow to 500 million by 2015 China, the world's most populous nation, has about 150 million pet dogs, about one for every nine people. An average Chinese city has about 100,000 dogs and gains about 10,000 per year, while large cities can have twice as many. Beijing had more than 500,000 pet dogs in 2004. Registered dogs in Beijing increased 16% this year, reaching 530,000 dogs. But the actual number of dogs in Beijing is actually much higher. The Social and Environmental Impacts of Uncollected Dog Waste Dog waste in urban areas is a largely ignored issue that is nevertheless the source of serious social and environmental problems. Dog waste presents a problem at two stages of waste management: collection and disposal. Picking up: the Collection of Dog Waste Uncollected dog waste can negatively affect park aesthetics as well as public health and safety. It can also damage turf and other vegetation. In natural parks or along the edge of water bodies, accumulating dog waste can adversely impact sensitive habitat areas. On a broader level, uncollected dog waste is an environmental issue. Nonhuman waste can be a significant source of bacterial contamination in urban watersheds. While livestock is the major source of this problem in rural areas, dogs (along with dense populations of wild birds such as seagulls or Canada geese) are typically the source of contamination in urban areas. Pathogens found in animal waste that is â€Å"zoonotic†Ã¢â‚¬â€œcapable of being transmitted to humans from animals–are the major cause of concern. If ingested, some of these pathogens (including Cryptosporidium, Giardia and Salmonella among others) may result in serious illness or even death. Roundworm and hookworm infections are the zoonotic diseases most commonly associated with dog waste, although only waste from infected dogs carry these parasites. A comparison of three resident surveys about cleaning up after dogs. StudySurvey Results Beijing(1999)†¢ 62% always cleaned up after the dog, 23% sometimes, 15% never †¢ Disposal method: trash can (66%), toilet (12%), other 22% Shanghai(2004)†¢ 51% of dog owners do not walk dogs †¢ 69% claimed that they cleaned up after the dog †¢ 31% do not pick up †¢ Disposal methods: trash can 54%, toilet 20%, compost pile 4% †¢ 4% train pet to poop in own yard †¢ 85% agreed that pet wastes contribute to water quality problems Wuhan(2009)†¢ 44% of dog owners do not walk dogs †¢ Dog walkers who clean up most/all of the time 59% †¢ Dog walkers who never or rarely cleanup 41% Of those who never or rarely clean up, 44% would not cleanup even with fine, complaints, or improved sanitary collection or disposal methods †¢ 63% agreed that pet wastes contribute to water quality problems Table 1 Among those residents surveyed, the most common reasons for dog owner’s behavior in terms of dealing with their dog’s waste are p rovided below: Reasons for not picking it upReasons for picking up †¢ because it eventually goes away †¢ embarrassed †¢ too much work †¢ not prepared †¢ no reason †¢ small dog, small waste †¢ use as fertilizer †¢ sanitary reasons †¢ Cleaner will clean No awareness†¢ it's the law †¢ environmental reasons †¢ hygiene/health reasons †¢ Personal courtesy †¢ it should be done †¢ keep the park clean Table 2 Symptoms: Why many pedestrian do not want to go to park especially elders and children? Dogs leave excretion at random in the grass or in the path. The unbearable smelly odor drives people away. They are afraid of being bite by the dog. Many people get sick after a close contact with dog. No one wants to use the amenity or recreation facilities in the park due to the dirty leaved by dogs. Why the crap always can be seen in the park? Many people walk their dog in the public area, and they don’t collect the pet’s manure. Why doesn’t the owner collect the excretion? Refer to the table2. Problem: People lack awareness and tools to collect the drops. Traditional Dog Waste Disposal Get a good pooper scooper. I hate to point out the obvious, but really, just pick it up. Problem solved. Swing by your local hardware store or any pet store and pick up a poop scooper that works for you. There are several varieties with varying lengths and scoop apparatus. If you can find someone to help you, all the better. Get the lucky individual to follow you around with a bucket while you scoop and deposit dog poo into the bucket. It’s advisable to try to avoid hitting your helper’s fingers. Dig a hole for depositing poop in. This is another simple and effective idea. If in your yard you have an area far away from most activity or just a good place to designate as a poop graveyard, grab a shovel and get to work. Only you know how much dog poop you have to dispose of, so use your judgment when deciding how big of a hole to dig. Just make sure to dig the hole at least a foot deep. If you have the energy, go for two feet. You will also need to be certain of where wires and cables have been buried. That would not be a very dignified death. Invest in some dog poop bags. Whether you walk your dog for exercise or just plain don’t have a good place for your dog to drop a dooker, keep a few poop bags in your pocket for quick dog poop cleanup. I know it’s not the most appetizing prospect, but it’s really not that bad. Using poop bags is easy and fairly sanitary. Put your hand in the dog poop bag, grab the dog poop with the bag, turn the bag inside out with your other hand, and tie it up. Hire a pet waste removal service. If dog waste removal ain’t your style or you simply can’t find enough hours in the day to take care of the dog’s business, there are people out there who’ll be happy to take your dog poop as long as it’s accompanied by a little cash. They’re pretty easy to find, too. Grab a phonebook or hit the interwebs. Most folks who subscribe to this service set it up so someone comes out weekly or biweekly. If for some reason this service isn’t available in your area, just hire a neighbor kid. Dog training 101. Strategic poop locations are key. If you have the time and the inclination, start training your dog to choose the same region of the yard for pooping every time. While training books are readily available and supply much more detail, the Cliff’s Notes version is simply persistence and positive reinforcement. Once the training is complete, you will never regret it. Having the poop in a concentrated area will significantly cut down the time it takes for poop patrol. Contaminations: Fecal coliforms. Fecal coliforms, such as E. coli, are abundantly present in dog poop. These microorganisms can make the water that we rely on for fishing, swimming, and drinking unsafe. Effects of E. coli can include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, cramps, and headaches. Roundworms. Roundworm eggs can be found in dog feces and can be easily transferred to other hosts through ingestion. This is especially dangerous if you have a dog that eats poop. Unfortunately, this is a pretty common behavior. Humans are at risk, too; children in particular. Not because kids generally make a habit of eating poo, but they do frequently put their hands in their mouths regardless of what they’ve been doing. Giardia. Another parasite sometimes found in dog feces that can be transferred to animals and humans through ingestion is giardia. Giardia is generally the culprit for Montezuma’s revenge and causes diarrhea, cramping, and abdominal pain. Most commonly it is contracted through the drinking of water that has been tainted by feces. Salmonella. Salmonella can also be found in and spread by dog feces. It can be transferred from dog to dog or even from dog to human. Avoid feeding your dog any uncooked meats or eggs. Statistics: The law enacted in other cities and the effectiveness of the law. The Law New York City’s Dog Poop Scoop Law How much do you know about New York City’s dog poop scoop law? According to Section 161. 03 of the New York City Health Code, your there are a lot of places where your dog can’t poop: a) A person who owns, possesses or controls a dog, cat or other animal shall not permit the animal to commit a nuisance on a sidewalk of any public place, on a floor, wall, stairway or roof of any public or private premises used in common by the public, or on a fence, wall or stairway of a building abutting on a public place. Who can issue you a ticket if your dog poops and you don’t scoop? Authorized employees of New York City’s Departments of Health, Sanitation, or Parks and Recreation. England, Scotland and Wales The Litter (Animal Droppings) Order 1991 of the Environmental Protection Act (1990) places a duty on local authorities to keep the following areas clear of dog faeces; †¢Any public walk or pleasure ground †¢Any land laid out as a garden or used for the purpose of recreation †¢Any part of the seashore which is frequently used by large numbers of people, and managed by the person having direct control of it as a tourist resort or recreational facility †¢Any esplanade or promenade Any land not forming part of the highway or, in Scotland, a public road, which is open to the air, which the public are permitted to use on foot only, and which provides access to retail premises †¢A trunk road picnic area †¢A picnic site. Northern Ireland The Litter (Northern Ireland) Order 1993 section 6 gives local authorities the duty to keep i ts relevant land or any relevant road for which it is responsible, clear of litter and refuse (including dog faeces). Prosecution of Dog owners who fail to clear up In England and Wales The Dogs (Fouling of Land) Act 1996, allows authorities to designate any land in their area as poop scoop areas without any requirement to provide signs or dog waste bins The land must be publicly accessible and open to the air, however the following areas are not included: †¢Carriageways with a speed limit of more than 40 mph †¢Land used for agriculture or woodlands †¢Land which is predominantly marshland, moor or heath †¢Rural common land The penalty for not clearing up dog fouling can be up to ? 1,000 if taken to court, but there is also provision for a fixed penalty scheme with a fine of ? 0 in England. In England the main legislation relating to dog fouling is dealt with under the Environmental Protection Act 1990 (Part IV). Exceptions to the offence are: †¢The person in charge of the dog has a reasonable excuse for not clearing up (being unaware of the fouling or not having the means to clean up is not an excuse) †¢The owner or occupier of the land has consented to the faeces being left †¢The person puts the faeces in a bin on the land †¢The person in charge of the dog has a registered visual impairment In Northern Ireland Under the Litter (Northern Ireland) Order 1994, it is an offence for the owner of a dog to not to clear up after their dog if it has left faeces on publicly accessible land. The penalty is up to ? 500. The fixed penalty rate is ? 10. In Scotland The Civic Government (Scotland) Act 1982 section 48 makes it an offence to allow a dog to foul a footpath, local authority grass verge, a local authority pedestrian precinct and any local authority maintained recreation or sports ground. The fine is up to ? 500. What can I do about a dog fouling offence? To report an offence contact your local authority to find out what the dog control procedures are in your area, and make note of the following details: †¢Name and address of the person in charge of the dog †¢A description of the dog †¢Details of the date, time and location of the offence. If the fouling takes place at regular times it may be possible for dog wardens to witness the fouling. In most cases the wardens will warn the offender before taking legal action, which is usually enough to deter further offences. Dog Warden Scheme This is one of the most effective ways of tackling the dog fouling problem. The dog warden has 3 important roles in the community: †¢Enforcement – enforcing the legislation relating to dog fouling, dogs in general and local bye-laws †¢Educational – to promote responsible attitudes to dog ownership, to develop an understanding of the role of the dog warden and how the public can be supportive †¢Practical – handling and securing stray dogs, dealing with problems relating to noisy and nuisance dogs. Effectiveness of the law binding: Low effectiveness not because of being lazy but because it just a bizarre practice to pick up the dog shit. So only 10% of the citizens would pick up the dog poop in daily life, besides recruiting and keeping dog warden is a very huge investment, the way to collect evidences is also a difficult aspect due to the large area to supervise and lots of cameras need to install to spot the crime. There is one opinion cited below will back up the statement that so few people will obey the law Embarrassment No matter what the size or breed of dog, there has always been one inevitable constant—poop. Oh yeah, lots of it, folks. Brown poop, green poop, runny poop, and even some very pretty poop thanks to those dogs who liked to chew things up and swallow the little bits. Because our family was never real big on walking the dogs, our front yard had a tendency to become a minefield of smelly brown bombs. And guess whose job it was to go around and clean it all up? I can’t take all the credit as I had brothers who were thrown into the party, as well, but I think you get the picture. Of all the chores that we had, going on â€Å"poop patrol† was the one our dad derived the most pleasure out of making us do. The guy just loved to stand above us on the deck, laugh maniacally, and point out all the little piles that we had missed. Our poop scoop technology wasn’t very advanced. One of us (the lucky one) would carry a spade shovel around the yard while the other (not so lucky) followed with a five-gallon pail lined with a garbage bag. What we all carried was a big steaming pile of embarrassment about the chore at hand. A close eye was kept on the street for friends who might by passing by. If one was spotted, we immediately dropped what we were doing so we could pretend to be doing anything other than picking up dog crap. These are the memories that haunt me. Although the law has little effective but the law is inevitable in arising human’s awareness. Once the behavior become a social norm It has reached a point where it's socially unacceptable to leave your dog's poop on the sidewalk or in someone else's beautiful front garden for some innocent wanderer to accidentally step in and track all over their car or house. It keeps areas with frequent city traffic looking tidy and clean. It's just something that is done. Description of our product: Magic rod ? Magic rod ? Magic rod I is the portable one. Description: The length of the rod is about half meter when the stick is pulled out to the most. There is a button at the upper end of the rod, the scoop will open when press the button and then the waste will be picked up and sealed in the disposable bag. After that the owner need to takes out the bag and throw it to the trash bin. Magic rod ? is the multi-functional one Description: This is for rent; the multi-functions not only comprise the main function of picking poop but also can be used as a walking stick, chair for the aging group which prefer to walk dog, exercise in the morning. The big round plate which has two hole inside is a handle but it can transform to a chair when press down. And the stick is collapsible, push in the stick to a certain height in order to adapt to your comfort. After picking up the excrement you can lean the magic rod to a certain angle and drag it to anywhere, there is a wheel in each of the leg which enables the host to drag like dragging a travel suitcase. Our marketing Methods: http://www. getridofthings. com/get-rid-of-dog-poop. htm