What Is the Difference of Two Sets in Set Theory

The difference of two sets, written A - B is the set of all elements of A that are not elements of B. The difference operation, along with union and intersection, is an important and fundamental set theory operation. Description of the Difference The subtraction of one number from another can be thought of in many different ways. One model to help with understanding this concept is called the takeaway model of subtraction. In this, the problem 5 - 2 3 would be demonstrated by starting with five objects, removing two of them and counting that there were three remaining. In a similar way that we find the difference between two numbers, we can find the difference of two sets. An Example We will look at an example of the set difference.   To see how the difference of two sets forms a new set, lets consider the sets A {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} and B {3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}. To find the difference A - B of these two sets, we begin by writing all of the elements of A, and then take away every element of A that is also an element of B. Since A shares the elements 3, 4 and 5 with B, this gives us the set difference A - B {1, 2}. Order Is Important Just as the differences 4 - 7 and 7 - 4 give us different answers, we need to be careful about the order in which we compute the set difference. To use a technical term from mathematics, we would say that the set operation of difference is not commutative. What this means is that in general we cannot change the order of the difference of two sets and expect the same result. We can more precisely state that for all sets A and B, A - B is not equal to B - A. To see this, refer back to the example above. We calculated that for the sets A {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} and B {3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}, the difference A - B {1, 2 }. To compare this to B - A, we begin with the elements of B, which are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and then remove the 3, the 4 and the 5 because these are in common with A. The result is B - A {6, 7, 8 }.   This example clearly shows us that A - B is not equal to B - A. The Complement One sort of difference is important enough to warrant its own special name and symbol. This is called the complement, and it is used for the set difference when the first set is the universal set. The complement of A is given by the expression U - A. This refers to the set of all elements in the universal set that are not elements of A. Since it is understood that the set of elements that we can choose from are taken from the universal set, we can simply say that the complement of A is the set comprised of elements that ​are not elements of A. The complement of a set is relative to the universal set that we are working with. With A {1, 2, 3} and U {1, 2 ,3, 4, 5}, the complement of A is {4, 5}. If our universal set is different, say U {-3, -2, 0, 1, 2, 3 }, then the complement of A {-3, -2, -1, 0}. Always be sure to pay attention to what universal set is being used. Notation for the Complement The word complement starts with the letter C, and so this is used in the notation. The complement of the set A is written as AC. So we can express the definition of the complement in symbols as: AC U - A. Another way that is commonly  used to denote the complement of a set involves an apostrophe, and is written as A. Other Identities Involving the Difference and Complements There are many set identities that involve the use of the difference and complement operations. Some identities combine other set operations such as the intersection and union. A few of the more important are stated below. For all sets A, and B and D we have: A - A ∅A - ∅ A∅ - A ∅A - U ∅(AC)C ADeMorgan’s Law I: (A ∠© B)C AC ∠ª BCDeMorgan’s Law II: (A ∠ª B)C AC ∠© BC

Church Shooting Fort Worth Texas - 992 Words

Church shooting: In Fort Worth Texas Lucas Nelson Ms. Sandbulte Adv.Comp 1-6-16 Lucas Nelson Ms. Sandbulte Adv.Comp 1-6-16 Church Shooting In a very tragic moment in the year 1999 It was said that a man named Larry Gene Ashbrook ran into a church and started shooting. He was carrying a 9mm, and a 380-caliber handguns and a pipe bomb. Larry killed 7people and himself after this and wounding 7 others. larry was being accused of other crimes and he was said to be very violent to his father after his mother died nine years before the shooting with all this on his shoulders it drove him mad and he wanted people to feel his pain of being alone and accused of doing things he didn t do. Larry was a very violent man guy. Larry s mother had passed away nine years before the shooting. After that Larry got more violent. Larry’s father had lived with him at the time and neighbors would see him being violent to his father. 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Concept of Effective Business Communication Process

Question: Write an essay about concept of effective business communication process. Answer: Introduction This particular assignment aims to establish the concept of effective business communication process. The purpose of this study is to represent the conceptual, practical, and strategic implications of the communication process that I have learnt from specific courses. I have attained the communication course and here I would discuss what I have learnt from these courses. In this study, I have considered only four weeks to elaborate the learning process as well the learning outcomes. Along with that, the study brings out the scope of illustrating how the course helped me to acquire new communication techniques. In this context, it is important to mention that as an individual a am extremely shy and I often face difficulties in communicating with people who are new to me. I have completed engineering in electronics and communication which helped to enhance my communication skills. My experience in learning communication skills and techniques would me manifested in the next sections of this study. Brandler Roman (2015) stated that the effective communication skills are the most important factor needed in the career platform. Effective communication process and strategies In Week 1, the foremost lecture is given about the effective business communication skills and techniques. At the very first week of the course, I came to know that professional communication is way much different from the communication process of our personal life. I was taught that all individuals need to maintain some ethics of communication process in their professional life. Honesty and truthfulness is the prime ethics that we need to maintain. Moreover, I have been taught that we need to adapt such processes or styles in our communication that it would respect the listeners. During this week the basic knowledge of the communication techniques has been discussed by the tutors. They assured that they would elaborate all the factors in the later period of the course. Several models and theories of effective communication process have been taught to us. It helped me gain primary knowledge of communication process and skills which is needed in professional career. During this week, the tutors have taught us about interpersonal communication skills which has been discussed more in the fifth week. Besides, I came to know that in a career platform I need to have knowledge of both verbal and non verbal communication and messages. I had prior knowledge about verbal communication in professional career, but I was not aware about non verbal communication process. I have learned the verbal communication process is a single channel medium, whereas, the non verbal communication is a multiple channeled process. Along with that, the tutors discussed the presence of different types of non verbal messages which we need to learn in order to improve our communication skill. However, in the later weeks, several tools and techniques have been taught to us. I would discuss those in the following sections in a sequential order. In Week 2, I have gathered knowledge about the techniques and skills involving oral presentations. During this particular course, I learned how to communicate with the audience. It has been mentioned before that I am a shy individual and thus I find difficulties in communicating with the people I am meeting for the first time. This course has helped me to deal with my fear of public speaking. In the oral presentation, the lecturers need to deliver informative speeches. This helps to make the audience understand the main theme or the topic. During this course, video clips were provided to enhance our knowledge about informative speaking. All the materials provided by the tutors helped to enhance my knowledge of public speaking skills. In this week, I came to know that oral presentation is one of the vital activities in professional life. The lecture provided in this week discussed three forms of public speaking which include impromptu presentation, extemporaneous presentations, and ve rbatim speeches. During this course time, I was able to indentify my weaknesses in public speaking. As I have a fear of speaking publicly, I need to improve in all forms of public speaking. Some tutorial activities were conducted in order to improve skills in oral presentation. Due to this learning process, I have experienced that I have been improving my communication skills and thereby reducing communication apprehension. Furthermore, I also gathered awareness about certain factors that affect the communication apprehensions of individuals. I have gathered brief knowledge about these factors so that it would help me indentify those factors that might affect my skill in professional life. I need to improve the novelty of situations and that defines that I need to deal with my fear of increasing level of uncertainty. In most of such situations, I do not know how to react or how to covey my message to others. During this week, several tutorial activities and lectures helped to overcome my communication apprehensions. The most effective strategy that was learned in this course was that individuals need to tell themselves that they can achieve success. Moreover, before giving any oral presentation I used to tell myself that I can do better. I have noticed that I can improve my oral presentation skills by focusing only on success and ignoring the fear of speaking. Still, I need to improve further as the tutors addressed that more improvement is required to create a better position in professional life. In order to do so, I need to write a speech before preparing for the presentation. Sometimes, I forget the things I need to speak in the oral presentation because of my fear of speaking. By writing the speech, I can go through it several times that would help to gain confidence and remember the contents as well. Further, it would help me organize the entire presentation. As per the tutors' gui dance, I have learned how to write speech and organize the presentation. This helped me to prepare for the final presentation. Thus, I would use this technique further in my career platform so that I would be able to deal with my fear and anxiety. Moreover, in this week, the tutors delivered the lecture on importance of evidentiary support in oral presentation. I came to know that after preparing the speech, I need to add some evidentiary support in order to improve the skill of communication during presenting the presentation. This technique helps to personalize the information and increases the weight of the presentation. In the last few days of that week, the tutors taught us about the effective process of ending the presentation. It has been noticed that the listeners or audiences fail to remember what they have heard in the entire presentation. I have been taught in the course that it is essential to help the audience keep the same interest throughout the presentation. Thus aft er completing the main speech, I can highlight the main points at the end of the presentation. Through outlining the main points, I would able to help the audience in recalling the entire discussion. During Week 4, the genres of written business communication have been taught to us. In this week, I have learnt that written business communication is different from the verbal business communication. It is essential to make the readers understand what I have written. The spoken words are noticed in the spot of delivering speech and then disappeared unless it is recorded and transcribed. On the other way, the conversation made in the written communication process remains unchanged. Thus, the tutors taught us to concentrate more on the written skills. This tangible form of communication helps us to make it clearer what we cannot do in the verbal communication process. During this particular week, I came to know about the proper format and writing style of employment letters and resumes. This the first stage of communication we make with professionals before entering in the career platform. Besides, the tutors have explained that email writing is quite different in the professional platform. During this week, I have learnt about email writing and communication skills through emails. Before the course, I was hardly able to write an email to anyone, thus I had poor knowledge about email writing. This particular course helped to gain the knowledge and improve my writing communication skill as well. During Week 5, I have learnt about interpersonal communications process which helped me in communicating with others. In this particular week, a lecture was given on recognizing the difference between the intrapersonal and interpersonal communication skill and process. I came to know that intrapersonal communication defines the process of communication that we do with ourselves. In contrast, interpersonal communication process is done with one or two other people. In order to be more specific, I gained the knowledge that the intrapersonal communication process is the internal conversation where personal thoughts, feelings and emotions are involved. However, the tutorial activities primarily focused on providing knowledge about the interpersonal skills which is also known as the dyadic communication. From the tutorial discussion, I came to know it is way much different to communicate with other people than communicate with own self. During the course, I came to know that, it is important to identify the aggressive communication process along with the types of verbally aggressive messages. From the lecture given to us, I came to know that the aggressive communication process can be both general and situational. Some people are there that carry aggressive dominant style of communication all the time, whereas, some people are there that adapt aggressive nature during certain situations only. After gathering the knowledge, I have compared it with my communication skill and have realized that aggressive behavioral nature is not present within me. The situational aggressive communication process sometimes happens when confronting some unacceptable behaviors. Thus, I need to improve my communication skill in such situations so that I would able to handle those situations in a better manner. Furthermore, nine types of verbally aggressive messages are discussed in the course that helped me to understand what I should avo id in communicating with others. Apart from this, I came to know about the passive communication process for which I am able to identify the passive communication behaviors. During this course, I came to know that I am a passive communicator as I am unable to state opinions and beliefs with much confidence. During the course, I came to know that this nature might make me face trouble in the workplace as other people would tend to take advantage of my low confidence of not doing any task. Along with the passive communication process, I have gained knowledge about the assertive communication process. Unlike the passive communication, the assertive communication process is the process of communicating with much confidence. During this course, my tutors have identified that I have a passive communication style. As per their advice, I need to adapt to the assertive communication style. Through identifying different types of socio communication styles, I have enhanced my interpersonal skills of communication. The socio communicative orientation defines the way through which we are able to know about our own communication behaviors in terms of three traits that include assertiveness, responsiveness and flexibility. In context of explaining my own communication skill, I would state that low assertive, high responsiveness and low flexibility is present in my communication style. Furthermore, I have learnt about different types of supportive and defensive communication behaviors. Through the lecture given, I came to know that I need to adapt both the supportive and defensive communication skills that would help me in my professional life. However, I need to understand which one is needed more in enhancing interpersonal skills. It has been discussed during the course that defensive communication is control oriented, whereas supportive communication is problem oriented. I have a high degree of supportive nature which I need to reduce to some extent. Along with that, I need to improve my defensive communication skills as it is the strategic nature of combination process. Conclusion By writing this assignment, I am able to tie up all my observations regarding my communication skill. After observing myself, I realized that I was an individual with a shy demeanor before attending the course and this might create barriers in my professional life. This particular course has helped me to deal with my fear and anxiety of public speaking. During the first week, I have learnt the basics about the communication process in professional life and the importance of its effectiveness. The basic concept helped me to prepare myself for acquiring further knowledge. During the second week, I have learnt about oral presentation. This was the biggest fear that I carried before attending the course. This course helped me to obtain enough confidence in preparing as well as delivering presentations. However, I need to improve more and for this I am practicing on a daily basis. In addition, the tutors taught about the ways of increasing the effectiveness of presentation. By learning al l the processes, I have enhanced my knowledge of communication skill in context of delivering speech and presentation. In the fourth week, I was taught about the written communication techniques and skills. During this week, I came to know that the written communication process is different from the verbal one. In the fifth week, I have gathered a brief knowledge about the interpersonal communication skill which has a vital role in the professional career. Along with that, I came to know about the difference between interpersonal and intrapersonal skills. The knowledge I have acquired during this course helped me to improve my communication skill. It would be beneficial in my professional life. Bibliography Austin, E. W., Pinkleton, B. E. (2015).Strategic Public Relations Management: Planning and Managing Effective Communication Campaigns(Vol. 10). Routledge. Brandler, S., Roman, C. P. (2015).Group work: Skills and strategies for effective interventions. Routledge. Brownell, J. (2015).Listening: Attitudes, principles, and skills. Routledge. Cornelissen, J. (2014).Corporate communication: A guide to theory and practice. Sage. Gallois, C., Giles, H. (2015). Communication accommodation theory.The International Encyclopedia of Language and Social Interaction. Goetsch, D. L., Davis, S. B. (2014).Quality management for organizational excellence. pearson. Kissane, D. W., Bylund, C. L., Banerjee, S. C., Bialer, P. A., Levin, T. T., Maloney, E. K., D'Agostino, T. A. (2012). Communication skills training for oncology professionals.Journal of Clinical Oncology,30(11), 1242-1247. Knapp, M., Hall, J., Horgan, T. (2013).Nonverbal communication in human interaction. Cengage Learning. Leathers, D. G., Eaves, M. (2015).Successful nonverbal communication: Principles and applications. Routledge. McCroskey, J. C. (2012). 5 0 Oral Communication Apprehension: A Reconceptualization.Communication yearbook,6(6), 136. Moore, K. D. (2014).Effective instructional strategies: From theory to practice. Sage Publications. Robbins, S., Judge, T. A., Millett, B., Boyle, M. (2013).Organisational behaviour. Pearson Higher Education AU. Samovar, L., Porter, R., McDaniel, E., Roy, C. (2014).Intercultural communication: A reader. Cengage Learning. Ulmer, R. R., Sellnow, T. L., Seeger, M. W. (2013).Effective crisis communication: Moving from crisis to opportunity. Sage Publications. Weeks, G. R., Fife, S. T. (2014).Couples in treatment: Techniques and approaches for effective practice. Routledge. Wenger, E. (2014).Artificial intelligence and tutoring systems: computational and cognitive approaches to the communication of knowledge. Morgan Kaufmann. Williams, A., Nussbaum, J. F. (2013).Intergenerational communication across the life span. Routledge. Yule, G. (2013).Referential communication tasks. Routledge.

Activity Based Costing System Essay Sample free essay sample

Activity-based costing ( ABC ) is a methodological analysis for more exactly apportioning overhead to those points that really use it. ABC works best in complex environments. where there are many machines and merchandises. and tangled procedures that are non easy to screen out. Problems with Activity Based Costing Many companies initiate ABC undertakings with the best of purposes. merely to see a really high proportion of the undertakings either fail. or finally lapse into neglect. There are several grounds for these issues. which are: Cost pool volume. The advantage of an ABC system is the high quality of information that it produces. but this comes at the cost of utilizing a big figure of cost pools – and the more cost pools there are. the greater the cost of pull offing the system. To cut down this cost. run an on-going analysis of the cost to keep each cost pool. in comparing to the public-service corporation of the ensuing information. We will write a custom essay sample on Activity Based Costing System Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Making so should maintain the figure of cost pools down to manageable proportions. Installation clip. ABC systems are notoriously hard to put in. with multi-year installings being the norm when a company attempts to put in it across all merchandise lines and installations. For such comprehensive installings. it is hard to keep a high degree of direction and budgetary support as the months roll by without installing being completed. Success rates are much higher for smaller. more targeted ABC installings. Multi-department information beginnings. An ABC system may necessitate informations input from multiple sections. and each of those sections may hold greater precedences than the ABC system. Therefore. the larger the figure of sections involved in the system. the greater the hazard that information inputs will neglect over clip. This job can be avoided by planing the system to merely necessitate information from the most supportive directors. Project footing. Many ABC undertakings are authorized on a undertaking footing. so that information is merely gathered one time ; the information is utile for a company’s current operational state of affairs. and it bit by bit declines in utility as the operational construction bit by bit changes over clip. Management may non authorise support for extra ABC undertakings subsequently on. so ABC tends to be â€Å"done† one time and so discarded. To extenuate this issue. construct as much of the ABC informations aggregation construction into the bing accounting system. so that the cost of these undertakings is reduced ; at a lower cost. it is more likely that extra ABC undertakings will be authorized in the hereafter. Coverage of fresh clip. When a company asks its employees to describe on the clip spent on assorted activities. they have a strong inclination to do certain that the reported sums equal 100 % of their clip. However. there is a big sum of slack clip in anyoneà ¢â‚¬â„¢s work twenty-four hours that may affect interruptions. administrative meetings. playing games on the Internet. and so forth. Employees normally mask these activities by allocating more clip to other activities. These hyperbolic Numberss represent misallocations of costs in the ABC system. sometimes by rather significant sums. Separate informations set. An ABC system seldom can be constructed to draw all of the information it needs straight from the general leger. Alternatively. it requires a separate database that pulls in information from several beginnings. merely one of which is bing general leger histories. It can be rather hard to keep this excess database. since it calls for important excess staff clip for which there may non be an equal budget. The best work-around is to plan the system to necessitate the minimal sum of extra information other than that which is already available in the general leger. Targeted use. The benefits of ABC are most evident when cost accounting information is hard to spot. due to the presence of multiple merchandise lines. machines being used for the production of many merchandises. legion machine apparatuss. and so forth – in other words. in complex production environments. If a company does non run in such an environment. so it may pass a great trade of money on an ABC installing. merely to happen that the ensuing information is non excessively valuable. The wide scope of issues noted here should do it clear that ABC tends to follow a rough way in many organisations. with a inclination for its utility to worsen over clip. Of the job extenuation suggestions noted here. the cardinal point is to build a extremely targeted ABC system that produces the most critical information at a sensible cost. If that system takes root in your company. so see a gradual enlargement. during which you merely spread out farther if there is a clear and incontrovertible benefit in making so. The worst thing you can make is to put in a big and comprehensive ABC system. since it is expensive. meets with the most opposition. and is the most likely to neglect over the long term.

I Stand Here Ironing By Olsen Essays - I Stand Here Ironing

I Stand Here Ironing By Olsen In Tillie Olsen's narrative "I Stand Here Ironing," I interpreted that there was a reflection of the loss of time and the sense of guilt between a mother and daughter. This is displayed in the authors word choice, point of view, imagery and tone. Olsen begins her narrative while ironing and talking on the phone. Her daughter needs help, she is told. So she begins to ask herself a million questions. She wonders why her daughter needs help, how she can help her, and what she could have done to prevent her from straying so far in the first place. As these questions run through her mind the iron in her hand moves swiftly back and forth in rhythm, throughout the entire narrative. Ironing being an act of boredom. With each movement she has a new thought regarding her daughter; she questions how she could have raised her to be a better person. In this essay one senses Emily's resentment toward her mother. This is because of the way in which she had been treated, for it is clearly obvious that Emily was unknowingly denied the love and attention a normal child would receive. What is odd though is that throughout the narrative one can feel the love Olsen has for her daughter. Nevertheless, this love that Olsen claims to have for her daughter, is not expressed enough to Emily, which, therefore, leads Emily to acquire many feelings of resentment, neglect and perhaps even betrayal toward her mother. A good example occurs when Olsen is confronted about her love for her daughter, and she says, "What was in my face when I looked at her?" This clearly shows how unaware she is of her daughter's feelings. This is suggested continuously throughout the story when Olsen recounts how she had to send her daughter away while she worked. Although, the act was unintentional, too much time away from one's loved one, for too long can have a drastic effect on a person; most especially a child. That is why Emily seems so bitter; "She was a child seldom smiled at," (6). Who could blame her for not smiling? She had been sent away from her family during so many key points in her life. First, she had been sent way when she was a baby in order for her mom to get back on her feet. Next, she was sent away to a convalescent hospital where she was again separated from her family. How was she supposed to live a normal life when all that she loved and depended on kept leaving her life? Emily was constantly denied stability, and that is a major factor in allowing her to lead a normal life. Olsen says her husband "could no longer endure sharing want" with them (2). When broken down, "want" suggests that he did not care to share a life of poverty with them. Could this be true also for Olsen toward Emily, but in a different text? To Olsen, what if it means that she can no longer continue to hold expectations for her daughter? Does that not constitute for want also? Maybe that is what the whole story is about. On the outside it looks like a story about a conflict between mother and daughter, but there are many interpretations to be pondered. What if the story is really about a mother that drops all expectations for her daughter in order for her to lead a normal life before it is too late? Or, better yet, maybe it is Emily that can no longer endure want? Whatever the case is, one thing is for sure and that is that Emily has been denied something that could have made her whole. Olsen uses such verbs as remember, sift, weigh, estimate, total, all of which mean that she must consider carefully. In the beginning these words are used to show how Olsen begins to examine her daughter's life. In the conclusion, she employs the words dredging; which means to dig up or search, compounds; which means to combine or add, and total again, which in this case means to sum up. This suggests that in the end she has concluded her observation of her daughter, and that is that she will never come to a conclusion of her daughter. She will never "total" it all. Tillie Olsen writes a great story about raising her daughter, Emily. She makes good use of word choice in describing their life story, informing us

Do plants need soil to grow essays

Do plants need soil to grow essays PROBLEM: Are plants able to live in an environment without the seemingly essential nutrients of soil? HYPOTHESIS: Seeing as how certain plants can grow only in certain soils, it seems unlikely that any seeds would mature to a full healthy adult. Assembled three cups with the proper soil (none, gravel, and topsoil) Placed seeds in the cups (5 each to make sure at least a few of them sprout) Placed 30 milliliters of water in all three cups (the amount of water will be the same and consistent throughout the experiment) Removed seeds that didn't sprout in 5 days Checked each seed for growth with ruler each day and recorded data Added 5 milliliters of water each day Average growth per day for the plants with no soil, gravel, and topsoil is (in that order): Day No Soil (Height in cm) Gravel (Height in cm) Top Soil (Height in cm) ...

Effective team performance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Effective team performance - Essay Example This assignment will help an individual apply accurate concepts learnt about teamwork and involve them in handling various issues that will arise in the field when teamwork will be required. The assignment involves a reflection analysis of experiences received during a team work activity (Christopher, 2001, pp.23-35). Our space ship just crash-landed on the moon and been destroyed leaving us with a few items for use. We are required to locate a mother ship 200 miles away. Among the items left, we are expected to select items that will be of critical importance to us and work together as a team to reach the mother ship. The purpose of this assignment is to give a reflective analysis of how through effective team performance and cooperation we were able to achieve our mission (Hackman, 1987, pp.45-46). Every member of a team needs to understand the prevailing situation and mission of the team. Defining and appreciating the situation will be necessary to determine key areas to be undertaken. Definition of tasks and expectations from every member needs to be analysed before actual allocation of existing tasks to members (World Neighbohs, 2001, pp.22-24). The process of team formation will be analysed using team development model and feelings of the process of team development will be examined. What was experienced when working with team members through allocation of tasks and general agreement will also be identified (Jerald & Robert, 1997, pp.2-16). Teamwork and performance management concepts will be applied to give a detailed understanding of problems experienced during activity process and how they could be avoided. Since it is teamwork then there are certain activities that were done well and they will also be looked into (Steiner, 1972, pp.8-12). Recommendations will be provided on how to act to such activities the other time members of the team finds itself in that

Discrimination and the Future of Marriage Coursework

Discrimination and the Future of Marriage - Coursework Example For instance, Miranda vs Arizona was something that proved to be in violation of fourth amendment. As far as the 14th amendment is concerned, In addition, the Fourteenth Amendment guarantees equal protection under the law while the Fifteenth Amendment declines racial discrimination during elections. However one must wonder, even with all the legislations enacted, discrimination continues to be the focal point in society. The first section is violated by DOMA because it induces â€Å"abridge the privileges of immunities of the citizens.† Since DOMA strictly confines a heterogeneous marriage, it goes against the fourteenth amendment. The fourteenth amendment allows individuals to have equal rights amendment, but the Supreme Court took this approach very subjectively. The 14th amendment is explicit that, â€Å"Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article. At this point, the congress exercises its full power by ensuring that marriages are

Bernie Madoff (Ethics) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bernie Madoff (Ethics) - Essay Example Most Ponzi schemes or pyramid schemes end up collapsing because new investors begin to dwindle and the return on investment promised quickly declines. What Madoff did that set him apart was to run a successful Ponzi scheme for years and to use charisma, charm, intelligence and advanced accounting to keep auditors, regulators and investors at bay. One thing that clearly contributed to Madoff's success, both because it expanded his resume and because it allowed him to know how to make his business appear legitimate, was that he was a well-established Wall Street player in legitimate operations. He made his money as a stocks wholesaler in the early days of the telecommunication boom when Wall Street would transform utterly. He could point to years of legitimate success when he wanted to assuage the fears of his investors. The frightening fact about Madoff's one-time legitimacy is that it indicates, as do the Enron and WorldCom examples, that Wall Street's mainstream culture does not see m to weed out potential conmen. Rather, the opposite seems to happen: The culture of Wall Street either seems to sharpen existing predatory urges or causes businessmen and financial whizkids to seek out ever-higher rates of return. Of course, Madoff pointed out as he was being arrested and tried that no one was complaining when he was returning them double-digit returns, even though it is clear that it is almost impossible for such returns to be legitimate. One issue might be the inequality at the top of the ladder itself: Hacker and Pierson in Winner-Take-All Politics point out that winner-take-all inequality, where the top 10% gain the lion's share of economic growth, leads to a situation where the rich are more and more likely to invest into extremely risky financial instruments. Madoff, like all good conmen, made sure to psychologically control, reward and assuage his participants. Investors in his money management scheme always were given the direct benefit of his individual ch arm. He cultivated an exclusive atmosphere, allowing only invited investors to come in, which seemed to indicate both safety (after all, why be so careful about an investment if it wasn't legitimate?) and power. People in Madoff's web felt that they were unique and special, part of a small club. Madoff consciously cultivated this image. One of the things that contributes to the eventual transparency of Ponzi schemes is that their affectations at exclusivity are totally superficial: It's obvious to anyone that they're desperately trying to get anyone involved, which makes smart people wonder what they're doing with their money. But Madoff was willing to walk away; he managed to cover up his Ponzi scheme not least with the way he treated investors. Madoff made sure, for whatever reason, to distance his family: Mark, Shana, Ruth and Peter Madoff all seemed totally distant from the planning process. Ruth acted as a public face but it seemed that she was unaware of the fraud. It may have been a desire to protect his family, but it may also have been smart business. The legitimate businesses Madoff ran not only generated profit but were also, in essence, a front: He could use those ventures to shield problems in his illegitimate schemes and could use it to find victims. By scrupulously preserving the integrity of his family and the firm, he made the Ponzi scheme more viable alongside protecting his cash cow. He even hired people who were less educated and perhaps less intelligent than him, people who would be

Human Resources Management And Persistent Approaches Commerce Essay

Human Resources Management And Persistent Approaches Commerce Essay Human resource management has become a persistent and prominent approach to the management of employment in an extensive range of market economies. In concern of management theorists and for many managers, HRM is the imperative to the survival and success of organisations in the twenty first century. According to Peter Drucker (1993), defines one single, simple idea: that people their skills, knowledge and creativity- are the key resource for economic and organisational success i.e. the knowledge- based economy. Despite the popularity of the term HRM, there is still no universally agreed definition of its meaning. According to Watson (2002:369) suggests that a rather messy situation currently exists whereby the term HRM is used in a confusing variety of ways. In its broadest sense HRM can be defined as a generic term to describe any approach to managing people; whereas Boxall and Purcell (2003:1) described HRM as all those activities associated with the management of employment relationships in the firm. Though, HRM comprises a new approach to managing people that is extensively different to more conventional practices. Even there are number of perspectives which make HRM distinctive. However Storey (1995:5) defines HRM as a distinctive approach to employment management which seeks to achieve competitive advantage through the strategic deployment of a highly committed and capable workforce, using an array of cultural, structural and personnel techniques. Whereas related to strategic nature o f HRM, Buchanan and Huczynski (2004:679) approaches HRM as a managerial prospective, which argues the need to establish an integrated series of personnel policies to support organisational strategy. Two main modification of HRM were acknowledged early in scholastic discussions of HRM: According to (Guest, 1987; storey, 1992) Hard HRM with an emphasis on the Strategies of cost minimisation (e.g. low wages, minimal training, close supervision), Quantitative aspects of managing human resource as an economic factor in production (e.g. in lean production- downsizing, work intensification). Soft HRM approaches aimed at enhancing the Commitment, Communication, Motivation, Quality, Leadership and flexibility of employees. Strategic HRM:- A strategic approach to Human Resource management has great appeal, According to Johnson and scholes (1997); describe strategic HRM in concern of business and management as the direction and scope of an organisational over the longer term, which ideally matches its resources to its changing environment, and in particular to its markets, customers and clients to meet stakeholders expectations. Strategic decisions in management are likely to be concerned with: Enduring direction of the organisation Extent of the organisations deeds Identical organisations deeds to its environment (i.e. PESTLE) Identical organisational deeds to its resources The Harvard model of HRM:- Source: Beer et al (1984; p.16 Map of the HRM territory) Long term consequences Individual well -being Organizational Effectiveness Social well- being HRM Policy choices Employee influences Human resource flow Reward systems Work systems HR Outcomes Commitment Competence Congruence Cost effectiveness Situational factors Workforce characteristics Business strategy and conditions Management philosophy Labour market Unions Task technology Laws and societal values Laws and Ideal types of Human Resource Management:- Characteristics Human resource management Strategic nature Dealing with day to day issues; but proactive in nature and integrated with other management functions. A deliberately long-term strategic view of Human resources Psychological Contract Based on seeking willing commitment of the employee Job design Typically team-based Organisational structure Flexible with core of key employees surrounded by peripheral cells High degree of outsourcing Remuneration Market based Individual and/or team performance Pay for contribution Recruitment Sophisticated recruitment for all employees Strong internal labour market for core employees. Greater reliance on external labour market for non-core Training/development Transformed into a learning and development philosophy transcending job related training. Strong emphasis on management and leadership development A learning organisation culture Employee relations perspective Individualistic; high trust Organisations of the function Largely integrated into line management for day to day HR issues Specialist HR group to advise and create HR policy Welfare role No explicit welfare role Criteria for success of the function Control of HR costs, maximum utilisation of HRM over long term Source: adapted and developed from Guest (1987) Recession:- Organisations have been focus to enormous stress over the past few years, with foremost principal structural changes in industry sometimes obscured behind the short or long-term issues of recession which in other words can be described as the circumstances of the economy turn down; a extensive cut in the GDP, Employment and Trade (Business). In numerous ways, recessions are a motivating natural experiment to examine. According to Paul Geroski Paul Gregg (1997) describes recession involve a major reduction in demand sustained over a substantial period of time, it affect some organisation far more than others and they are exogenous to the actions of individual organisations. The reduction in demand is most important and sustained means that those organisations that are deficiently affected by a recession are expected to be rethinking the essential premises of their competitive strategy. The evaluation between the strategy and composition of organisations who are exceedingly harshly affected by a recession with those less harshly affected endow with indication on what composes a few organisations more susceptible to surprises them others, and on the toughness of diverse strategy choices and diverse organisational constitution to changes in market conditions. As a consequences recession also throw at least some useful luminosity on how organisations counter to unpredicted changes in demand. Additionally the effects of recessionary demand surprises are unavoidably reassigned reverse to labour markets. Current scenario of Recession:- According to Mike Schraeder and David J. Hoover (2010) the global economy has experienced massive confront in the previous two years as businesses have struggled with apparently insoluble financial crises which disclose a shocking compilation of industries that have closed a business, economize, or occupied in other strategic indispensable in the expedition for survival. Providentially, there is a number of substantiation that the influence of the global crises possibly will be deteriorating. Moreover, organization and their leaders are now faced with the harsh certainty of demanding to recuperate from the shock of these crises, whereas concurrently creating divisions that are proficient for competing effectively in a decrepit global environment. Cost-effective aspect Peak to through so far Real GDP decrease 3.7% real decline from December 2007 until June 2009 totalling $500 billion Personal Income individual wages declined by $339 billion from mid-2008 to the 1st Qtr of 2009 Investment Fixed investment has declined by $543 billion, or 24%, since December 2007 Unemployment There are  8.1 million less people employed today than in 2007 Industrial Production Has fallen 12% since 2007 Bankruptcies National bankruptcies have risen from 800,000 in 2007 to 1.4 million in 2009, a 75% increase Trade Exports and imports declined by 22% and 31%, respectively, between July 2008 and June 2009 Currency The USD has fallen 17% in the last year versus a basket of world currencies Bank Failures 140  banks   failed in 2009, with  700 banks in danger of failing, according to the FDIC Source: Economic Recession, Depression, or Systematic breakdown (Economics/ Recession 2008-2010) by James Quinn, (March 4th, 2010) available from Internet URL http://www.marketoracle.co.uk/Article17665.html http://www.marketoracle.co.uk/images/2010/Mar/recession-4-1.jpg Source: Economic Recession, Depression, or Systematic breakdown (Economics/ Recession 2008-2010) by James Quinn, (March 4th, 2010) available from Internet URL http://www.marketoracle.co.uk/Article17665.html http://www.marketoracle.co.uk/images/2010/Mar/recession-4-2.jpg Source: Economic Recession, Depression, or Systematic breakdown (Economics/ Recession 2008-2010) by James Quinn, (March 4th, 2010) available from Internet URL http://www.marketoracle.co.uk/Article17665.html Impacts of recession on top of global/ domestic organizations:- As per given data in graphs of above mentioned, the major area to focus in concern of HRM is unemployment, during ending phase of 2007 employer were recruiting employees without forecasting the demand of prospective which results into redundancies/ unemployment, job insecurity, demotivation, stress , depression, reduced flexible working hours and increase in responsibilities on working employee in the organisations also. Whereas James Quinn (2010) describes a depression is categorized by irregular enhance in unemployment, a decrease in the accessibility of credit, extract productivity and venture, frequent liquidation, condensed sum of business and exchange, as well as extremely explosive comparative currency price variation, mostly depreciation. Price devaluation, economic crisis, and the stock market/ bank collapse are also universal fundamentals of a depression. According to Sally Walters (2009); International national Downsize/ recession related issues: Business environment Business closures Redundancies Modification in terms and conditions of employment Cash flow complications Deficiency of credit Reduction in the value of authentic Consolidation Condensed margins Public overheads Recover costs and competences Recruitment Employee revenue Recruitment complications Aged employees Skill development Understanding future complications when economy start to rise Facing difficulty to invest in skill development Training Compact training obligation Emphasize the specific needs of business Lack of apprentices in young employees in concern of employment prospects HRM Strategic perspective in concern of recession (issues):- According to David Hussey (2002), during recession there are no simple solutions and, success will depend, as always, on the soundness of the strategic decisions taken by top management, and ability of the organisation to implement those strategies. This would push the Human resource phase of the business to the forefront, even without the additional difficulties of sustained revolutionize and the demands. HRM, which is already very proficient in many organisations, requires to be obsessed by the business requirements of the organisation, but without losing prospect of the decisive value and significance of people in making strategies turn out to be reality. While attempt to come out from the recession, companies perspective in concern of HRM; (issues which has been taken by companies/ organisations to survive in time of recession) Redundancy/ Job cuts Cost retrenchment and downsizing Hiring freezes Modification in terms and conditions of employment Laying off temporary/ part time employees Condensed training dedication Freezes in previously planned Pay, Incentives and Bonus policies Enhance the use of premature retirement Restructure Reduction in employee hours Affecting employees offshore Employee revenue HR department should obtain into depiction barely the liable effectiveness of their deeds but also their apparent impact on employee commitment. HRM activities in relation to HRM outcomes and performance (under perspective of recession):- Issues Impacts Solutions Positive Implications Negative Implications Redundancy Cost retrenchment and downsizing, Demotivation Stress Depression Rejoin the employee in state of increase in demand, Contract based employee Employee might perform well compare to previous performance Fluctuation in employee working hours Employee might not have commitment and loyality towards organisation or might lose trust Less work commitment, Insecurity in aspects of full time employees Reduce pay, incentives and change in bonus policies Freeze on promotions Low motivation Low motivation Less employee engagement and commitment, trust Offering rewards by increasing pay/ incentive/ bonus Performance appraisal for highly skilled employee and core employee of the organisation to keep them in trust and motivated It might have significant affect on employee performance Motivation Dedication towards work Employee engagement and commitment It might only motivate few employee in organisation, as money is always solution of short term situations, Appraisals are sometime demotivated expensive Might also affect on cost cutting strategy of organisation Reduction in training commitment Decline in leadership and learning development, Poor performance Provide continuous improvement training programs Development in knowledge Skill enhancement Expensive might not be effective for all employees Issues Impacts Solutions Positive Implications Negative Implications Relocate/Redeploy transfer of employee (domestic as well as globally depend upon organisation Low morale, insecurity in concern of job, Cultural dispute Provide social network, Provide comfortable zone by management , Provide facilities and benefits Depend upon individual behaviour of employee; it might goes well as employee will get exposure and it might help to learn different cultural/ countrywide organisation strategies and guiding principle Expensive but sometime it is not possible in real world to do so. Depend upon employee individual personality to have capability to cope up with different culture Laying off part time/ temporary working Workload, Less employee engagement towards work and commitment Provide a more flexible alternative to full time employee, Cover temporary peaks in demand Cost effective To protect the job security of core employees To cover for holidays and sickness absence Might not be effective for all industry expertise Depend upon contextualities of the situation HRM strategic planning and sustainable implementation for current market conditions prospect economy crisis:- Indicates in accomplishment plan Description Strategic planning Strategic personnel forecast Link employees scheduling with business strategy by establishing demand and supply circumstances by employment category Productivity controlling Launch a innovative efficiency metric such as worth additional per individual to administer productivity programs Work force adaptation Employees flexibility Exploit working-time implements like generation work accounts, vacation programs, and engagement with unions Employees reduction Amend employees size to the new economic environment with respect to job category forecasts Human resources Cost management Optimize workforce cost programs by converting cash inducements to noncash ones Persistent recruiting of key workforce Employ top applicants for assignment- decisive jobs HR and performance improvements Restructuring the HR organisations Measures all HR actions to certify superiority throughout bunching procedure optimization, and ascendancy process Performance management Support performance process to the new environment by discarding interim observations and implementing enduring philosophy Sustainable implementations Employee Engagement Focus on such values as honesty and trust and start an initiative to bring discipline and motivation into balance Leadership Competences Coach leaders to evolution from intensification to crisis with workshops, communication process, and support from top management Modify management Establish best-in-class support by illuminating accountabilities, enforcing transparency, and soliciting employee feedback Internal and external communication Organize a comprehensible communication strategy and methods that target decisive stakeholders Source: Rainer Strack , Pieter Haen et al. (March 2009) Creating people in advantage in times of crisis; how to address HR challenges in the recession. Boston consulting group; European association for people management For visionary companies who wants to develop state-of-the art nation development in the existing environment:- In todays impulsive environment, the HR department is frequently dragged in numerous directions. According to Rainer Strack), Pieter Haen et al. for illustration, specialist recruiters who usually focus on hiring may need to take on other HR tasks, such as managing the introduction of shortened working hours. Strategic personnel forecast: predict future scarcity to reorganize capabilities Performance management: shift from diminutive to extensive term approaches Employee engagement: attention on motivation and accountabilities Leadership competences: endow leaders for turbulent conditions Modify management: espouse a methodical, cascading approach Internal and external communication: talk the walk Strategic planning:- Strategic personnel forecast: predict future scarcity to reorganize capabilities Generally organisations do not fully comprehend how downsize will influence their demands for individuals and how layoffs will influence their prospect. Even if the economy prolongs to depreciate, the majority of companies will still features lack in precise jobs. To overcome from this Rainer Strack), Pieter Haen et al. suggests that companies have to evaluate their employees by generating job categories with comparable expertise requirements. While in dispensation these companies will capable to categorize probable scarcity in skills as well as pockets of competence where retraining opportunities exist. Once companies will recognize their requirements for job category, companies might discover smarter and longer term preference about their employees. productivity controlling: progress from input to output On the whole HR departments do a high-quality job of determining headcount, human resources costs and relative inputs. Work force adaptation:- Employee flexibility: generate reversible circumstances Companies expecting to recuperate from the current downsize should attempt to establishment headcounts method with built in flexibility; moderately than layoff employees particularly in those marketplace where employees diminution are expensive and time intense. Employees reduction: be suspicious to engrave in the accurate places Companies whose businesses are in extensive decline require, thinking the steps that are additional enduring, like laying-off full time employees. Companies have to identify the core employees who should be engaged. Human resources cost management: produce inventive reimbursement model Whereas companies may espouse a flexible or restructure strategy, the action might be in several ways like relating to wages, deferring bonuses etc. Persistent recruiting of key workforce: promote talent In this consumers marketplace, elegant corporations are discerning fortitude key employees from competitors or the marketplace. HR and performance improvements:- Restructuring the HR organisations: be lean HR department requires being highly effective and efficient in scenario of downturn, otherwise it will affect on trustworthiness while HR will endeavour to lead individuals proposal elsewhere in company. Performance management: shift from diminutive to extensive term approaches Presently Companies have a major chance to standardize their performance management and incentive methods to extensive term business objectives that might expand new significance, such as growth and sustainable business traditions Sustainable implementation:- Employee engagement: attention on motivation and accountabilities Employees are most essential and effective assets of company when they are motivated while working in well-organized system. In downsize, it is tough to achieve balance between motivation and well organized system due to unavailability of promotion and high wages. Leadership competences: endow leaders for turbulent conditions Leadership is motivating the corporation to modify its commencement of superlative performance. In time of crisis organizations are arranging training for their mangers to coach them how to lead in tough times. Modify management: espouse a methodical, cascading approach Companies requires clear agenda and sustained and meticulous program management. HRM needs to create schedules, metrics and clear accountabilities to mobilize the establishment. Internal and external communication: talk the walk In organisation working environment; one to one communication, an open door policy and active listening skills all are significant. Conclusion:- Though it is complicated for HR to recognize techniques and HR practice that promotes a environment of modernization in support of the organisation objectives. Present scenario of downturn has immense impact and creates challenges for all departments, production units and workforce within organisation. HRM top management is itself in crucial situation; they have to rethink about their previous strategies before recession and compare it to the present scenario of crisis, then need to implement in concern of present situation. There is enormous requirement of critically analysing the strategies and necessitate to structure the new strategies undertaking consideration of employees supply and demand, maintaining employee engagement, developing forefront for leaders to assist for survival in crisis for companies and employees in tough time and restructuring the organisation and HR as per obligation of businesses. Work force might respond to the complicated situation like downsize positive ly if their leaders are truthful, straight and compassionate about the complications and generate enthusiasm about the prospects. Recommendations for Managing Human Resource Management in downsize/recession in addition to foremost prospective:- In present scenario of global as well as domestic organisations, many of countries are coming out of recession, not fully because there are still uncertainties how stable the global market is however nobody has firm scenario when will the next recession occur, since still companies are trying to cope up with economy crisis in few aspects. According to Rainer Strack , Pieter Haen et al. (2009) the first casualty of a downturn is people; the employees, on whom the fortunes of a company rest. Companies do whatever they can to get costs under control, and they often act swiftly by cutting employee hours, imposing a hiring freeze, and taking other steps that affect their employees. In perspective of HRM; there are hazards for corporations that engrave their employees too swiftly. While individuals may emerge to be in immense contribute today, the demographic wave will soon twist. Whereas Rainer Strack , Pieter Haen et al. (2009) elaborate further their point by saying the talent pool is poised to shrink, as the baby boom generation retreats into retirement and as younger and similar generations enter their prime working years. Look for ways for cost effectiveness without laying off work force Reallocate employees wherever probable Keep on fostering and emergent employee talent/ capabilities All decisions must have taken under consideration of suspicious personnel planning Ensure that company pursue the legislative dismissal course of action to the correspondence if company necessitate doing redundancies. Let remaining employees know that they are valued, essential and essence of company. References:- Beer, M., Spector, B.,Lawerce, P.R., Mills, D. And Walton, R.E. (1984), p.16; Managing Human Assets, New York: Free Press Boxall, P. and Purcell, J. (2003), p.1; Strategy and Human Resources Management, Houndmills:Palgrave Macmillan Buchanan, D. and Huczynski, A. (2004), p.679; Oraganizational Behaviour, 5th edn. Harlow:FT/Prentice Hall Drucker, P. (1993), Post Capitalist Society, Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Geroski, P. A. Gregg, P. (1997), p. 2-3; Coping with Recession: UK Company Performance in adversity, United Kingdom: Cambridge University press (eBook resource : available from internet URL: http://books.google.co.uk/books?hl=enlr=id=neo3ZneOXp8Coi=fndpg=PP16dq=business+coping+strategies+to+avoid+the+effects+of+recessionots=TEB2ESH_5asig=zaVSjowL5UBTTSpZa0FhWzeUp1w#v=onepageq=f=false Guest, D. (1987), Human Resource Management and Industrial Relations, Journal of management studies, 24, 5: 503-521 Hussey, D. (2002), p.5; Business Driven HRM, New York: Wiley Sons ltd. Jhonson, G. and Scholes, K. (1997), Exploring Corporate Strategy, London: Prentice Hall Quinn, J. (2010), Economic Recession, Depression, or Systematic Breakdown, E- Resource Article published on Mar, 4th 2010 available from internet URL: http://www.marketoracle.co.uk/Article17665.html Rainer, S. Haen, P. et al. (2009), Creating People Advantage in Time of Crisis: How to address HR challenges in the recession, Journal of Mangerial psychology, Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing Limited, E-Resource available from Emerald. Schraedar, M. and Hoover, D. (2010), vol.24, 2: p.11-13, Enhancing Organisational Recovery in Tough Times: a pragmatic perspective, Development and Learning in Organisations, Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing Limited, E-Resource available from Emerald; http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewPDF.jsp?contentType=ArticleFilename=html/Output/Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Pdf/0810240203.pdf Storey, J. (1992), Developments in the Management of Human Resources: An Analytical Review, London: Blackwell Storey, J. (1995), p.5; Human Resources Management: A Critical Text, London: Routledge Walters, S. (2009), p.5-8; The Impact of the Economic Downturn on business and skills in England, Journal of Social Economics, Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing Limited, E-Resource available from Emerald. Watson, T. (2002), p.369; Organising and Managing Work, Harlow: FT/Prentice Hall

How Does Robert Louis Stevenson use literary techniques to illustrate E

How Does Robert Louis Stevenson use literary techniques to illustrate the social, historical and moral points he is trying to make in Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde? Throughout the Novella, ‘Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’, the author Robert Louis Stevenson uses a wide range of literary techniques in a skilful and sophisticated way to help achieve his effects and put his points across. Stevenson’s unique use of language is vital to the success of the Novella, with the structural and linguistic devices playing a vital part in creating the unusual atmosphere, which makes the Novella so successful. Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde centres upon a conception of humanity as dual in nature, although the theme does not emerge fully until the last chapter, when the complete story of Jekyll – Hyde relationship is revealed. Robert Louis Stevenson had a very strict moral upbringing living in the nineteenth century, where class and social standing were very important in such a rigid system. The fact that he had such a religious background perhaps creates a link between the main moral point of good and evil and his disciplined religious upbringing, the bible teaching the importance of good and evil, and the seven deadly sins. He uses a variety of techniques to put across his views across on many social, historical and moral points. Throughout the novella the author gives the readers an insight into the morality of human nature by using different characters to represent the double standards of society in the Victorian era. The different language used for each of the main characters in the book is used to emphasise the character and their role in the Novella. Utterson, the lawyer, is described in the opening sentence of the book ‘cold, scanty, a... ...t that Stevenson had such a religious background perhaps creates a link between the main moral point of good and evil and his disciplined religious upbringing. This may have influenced him in his writing, (the bible teaching the importance of good and evil, and the seven deadly sins). The Gothic horror has been compared particularly to the detective fiction of Sherlock Holmes, with both works being written in the same period of the Victorian era. It is a testimony to Stevenson’s inventiveness as a writer that this novella has had this independent existence over a hundred years after the first book was published. Because of the uniqueness of the novella and the fact that such a wide range of literary techniques have been used, it is no surprise that, ‘the strange case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’, is one of the most famous works of horror fiction of all time.

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4-Mat Review on Entwistle Chelesea Snyder Liberty University Summary If you are looking for both sides of the argument Integrative Approaches to Psycology and Christianity is your book. If gives the different models and different theories to back each one up completely. Integrative Approaches to Psychology and Christianity was a great read. Entwistle did an amazing job on putting together a great read with some different aspects to things. The author’s thoughts are trying to explain the truth of God’s word and show the insights it has on psychology.Integration which there were several different theories and approaches to the two, is what this book revolved around. The argumentation of integration and psychology are still a question with no right or wrong answers. While most of his arguments had biblical truths with in them he could argue that they didn’t. The psychology world has seen many pros to people believing in Christianity. It’s been a great stress reliever as well as a different mindset for people. The book explains that t sacred and secular combatants when it comes to the truth.Human nature is we are all born with sin having good and evil within our souls and hearts. Within the reading society has seemed to always struggle on integrating the two. You have government that tells us we must separate church and state, you have some within society that would like to see the two integrate together again. We have seen in Entwistles works that people have within the church come up with science ideals. These approaches and studies however were hidden because religion was scared they no longer had the answers.For these two different parts of life to truthfully integrate people are going to have to put their feelings aside and work together; compromise is the only way these two will always over shadow the other. Epistemology, metaphysics and philosophical anthropologies are important to exam within the worldview of things. By examining the two books God’s word and the book of God’s works we can come to a better model of integration (Entwistle, 2010). The text talks about integration in a way that if you are too Christian you lose psychology and if you are to big into science you seem to lose the Christian principles behind it.Enemies, Spies, Colonialists, Neutral Parties, and Allies; are the 5 integration models. Enemies in short term believe that religion and psychology could never be integrated, spies there are two types of spies. Spies on the outside or spies on the inside. Spies on the outside want information only to link with their principles and spies on the inside try to be buddy Neutral parties are just that neutral to everything and say they don’t really care either way. Colonialists on the other hand seek to make psychology subservient to theology. Allies are those who are on your side.I think that science without religion is lame and conversely that religion without science is bli nd. Both are important and should work hand-in-hand. Albert Einstein (Entwistle, 2010). Concrete Responses The saying that got to me was when you come to a fork in the, road take it. It reminds me of the poem the Road Not Taken by Robert Frost. When I was a sophomore in college I was a mere 19 years old, I loved Kansas Wesleyan University but was still very miserable, seems kinda silly that I was so miserable yet loved the place all at the same time.I was newly married, my husband had just deployed shortly after I was stuck in a catch 22. My husband wasn’t in Califonia but I wanted to go and take a semester off the semester before to spend time with him. I should have but didn’t because my parents would of freaked in fact they did freakout which was why I came back in January to finish out the year instead of spending three months as newlyweds. Coming back in January was hard very hard I was very involved in everything on campus from Choir, student activities, and even RA.We sang Robert Frost’s poem the road not taken, it was dark and one of my favorites. The end of that year I left Kansas Wesleyan transferred to Fort Hays University and took the fork in the road. This was triggered because it was out of the normal. To my parents thye very much didn’t support my decision so it was wrong because it wasn’t theirs. This particular situation just makes me think that I have control over things but not all and even if they do not match my opinions and decisions I shouldn’t make a snap judgment as Jesus gave us all different forks or paths to take.We must jump at the opportunity he gives us to fly at the fork in the road. Reflection The thing that troubled me with this book was the author’s talk about limitations. While I believe he is correct we are very much a part of nature however I don’t believe God set limitations on humans. My theory within limitations is most of the time we humans limit ourselves. God wi ll meet us half way always has, we must do some of the work as well.God let’s us figure and find things within science on his time if not we wouldn’t know about space, molecules or anything about human nature and progress in sciences. Action The biggest thing I want to take from this book to put into my counseling is realize that not one way is affective on everybody. Some people will want to know you are praying for them and others will want you to pray with them right then and there. I want to put into practice that my client will get what they want and me as the counselor need to make it appoint to give the client exactly what they have asked for.I want people to feel great about themselves which is why I want to be a counselor in the first place. But the biggest thing I want people to realize is they as well as God have the reigns with their counseling so we will use this as a way to hopefully heal and mend their hearts and minds. References Entwistle, D. N. (2010) . Integrative approaches to psychology and christianity: An introduction to worldview issues, philosophical foundations, and models of integration  (2 nd ed. ). Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock.

Financial Meltdown of 2008

Financial Meltdown of 2008 Introduction The 2007-2008 financial crisis has considered to be the most threatening and largest economic recession since the times of the Great Depression.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Financial Meltdown of 2008 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It caused destruction of international monetary system and became the precursor of European debt crisis. The total failure of financial institution was also another serious risk that the financial crisis created. Stock markets and housing marketing also experienced hardships, leading to foreclosures and evictions. One of the major reasons for the collapses includes the crash of the housing bubble in the United States, the phenomenon that undermined sub-prime mortgages. The financial crisis was also determined by a sophisticated interaction of reforms encouraging home ownership and over-evaluation of the credit market. In the documentaries Inside the Meltdown an d Breaking the Bank, the attention is given to the role of the housing bubble in creating the financial recession and breakdown of the leading financial institutions. Specifically, Inside the Meltdown focuses on the previous cases of credit market pitfalls that were not considered properly (Frontline 2013a). What is more threatening is that most of the financial experts did not attain much importance to the dramatically declined figures. As a result, the crisis has changed entirely the financial system, but the news has spread immediately about the impossibility of the business companies and financial institutions to estimate the actual damages that the consequences of house bubbling caused to the economic system. In Breaking the Bank, the focus is made on participants and victims of the crash of the financial system and credit market (Frontline 2013b). While discussing personalities, such as Merrill Lynch who was in charge of a privilege position, the documentary pays attention to his high competence and professionalism that, however, did not help him avert the crisis. The financial meltdown of 2008 could be a great lesson for the leading financial institutions, as well as for those who are interested in sub-prime mortgages. Consumers, therefore, should examine carefully opportunities and threats that this venture could provide to them.Advertising Looking for critical writing on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These documentaries are beneficial for financial experts who should reconsider their credit policy and develop powerful structures and coping mechanisms to deal with economic recessions effectively. In the pursuit of money, simple decisions and fast methods for gaining profit are not always the solutions. Analysis of political and economic backgrounds is also necessary for the financial institutions to evaluate the capacity of the world economy, as well as restructure the crediting system. The documentaries succinctly represent a one-dimensional outlook on the predetermined conditions of the financial crisis. Interviews with the people from Wall Street, business managers, and chief executive officers have provided a broader insight into the case. At this point, it is necessary to search for additional statistics about the crisis to justify the events described in the documentary. Additionally, analysis of personal attitudes and perceptions is another important stance that could be considered while watching the films. In conclusion, it should be stressed that the burst out of the house bubbling has become the precursor of financial crisis, leading to the breakdown of the world’s leading financial institutions and banks. In the documentaries under analysis, emphasis is placed on the political, economic, and psychological aspects of the crisis of the credit market, as well as attitudes and perceptions on the part of specialists and victims o f the economic recession. References Frontline. (2013a). Breaking the Bank. PBS Video. Retrieved from https://www.pbs.org/video/frontline-breaking-the-bank/ Frontline. (2013b) Inside the Meltdown. PBS Video. Retrieved from https://www.pbs.org/video/frontline-inside-the-meltdown/Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Financial Meltdown of 2008 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More

Shakespeare play The Merchant of Venice Essays

Shakespeare play The Merchant of Venice Essays Shakespeare play The Merchant of Venice Essay Shakespeare play The Merchant of Venice Essay Essay Topic: Merchant Of Venice Play The plot of the story is that the merchant of Venice (Antonio) borrows money from a Jewish moneylender (Shylock) and Antonio has to pay the money back to shylock within three months otherwise Shylock can take a pound of flesh from Antonios body. There is a daughter (Portia) with a rich father and when the father died he left all the money to the person that marries his daughter, but you cant marry his daughter just like that, you have to choose a chest out of the choice of three but you have to choose the right one. I am doing my coursework on Bassanio; He is a Best friend of Antonio and he goes to Belmont on the search for love and wealth and tries to choose the correct chest and marry Portia e.g. Portia says You must take your chance and attempt to choose at all, or swear before you choose, if you choose wrong, never to speak to lady afterward in a way of marriage: Therefore be advisd This means that she cant choose who she marries, she has to wait and see who chooses the right box, then she has to marry them. Act 4 Scene 1 This scene is the court scene where Shylock has taken Antonio to court because Antonio could not pay back the three thousand ducats that Shylock had lent him. Antonio oldest and best friend has chosen the right chest and married Portia, then he heard that his best friend was about to die, so he told Portia to stay in a nunnery until he gets back and he rushes off to Venice to see if he can convince Shylock to forget about his bond and not take a pound of his flesh. Portia wants to go with him so she secretly goes to Venice with her maid and they pretended to be the lawyer and the doctor. They both dress as men and they try and save Antonio as much as they can even with Bassanio trying to give Shylock thrice the amount of money for his bond e.g. Nerissa says Why shall we turn to men? They turn to men so that their husbands will not recognize them. Portia looks through the bond and realises that it has nothing about blood so then she says that shylock must take a pound of his flesh but not spill a drop of his blood e.g. Portia says Therefore prepare thee cut off the flesh. Shed no blood, nor cut thou less, nor more, but just a pound of flesh. When this is said Portia has come across a solution to stop Antonio from dying because you cant cut flesh without dripping blood. So shylock tries to take a pound of flesh but realises that he will not be able to do this so he decides to take the money afteral. Portia tells them that he has to take the pound of flesh because that is the bond, but shylock decides that he cant do it and has to leave and lose his money and not have his bond. Then Portia says that he must not leave because he has tried to kill someone so he has to give Antonio a third of his money for trying to kill him. After Shylock has left, Antonio and Bassanio praises Portia for saving Antonio and asks if there is anything that they can do. Then Portia judges Bassanio and asks him if he would give her his wedding ring and he says This ring, good sir? Alas! It is a trifle, I will not shame myself to give you this. Bassanio doesnt give Portia the ring because he loves her. Then Portia leaves pleased because she did not leave with the ring and she can trust him now, but then Antonio says to Bassanio My lord Bassanio, let him have the ring: Let his deserving and my love withal be valud gainst your wifes commandments. Then Bassanio takes off his ring and tells Gratiano to take the ring to Portia and he does. When Gratiano catches up with Portia he gives her the ring and then she has been let down because her husband gave away the wedding ring she gave to him Portia says to Nerissa We should have old swearing that they did give the rings to men but well outface them, and outswear them too. This basically means that youre not supposed to give your wife/husbands rings away but he did just to please a friend. Shakespeares use of language in this play is very good because the rich and wealthy people speak in iambic pentameter, which means that there are ten words or syllables to a sentence, where as the not so rich people just talk normally, Shakespeare as used rhyming couplets at the end of each scene. This shows that it is actually the end of the scene, in act 1 scene 3 Antonio is creating the bond so he can borrow three thousand ducats but Bassanio doesnt think he should create this bond so Bassanio is speaking in rhyming couplets to try and end the deal or scene he says You shall not seal such a bond for me: Ill rather dwell on my necessity I think this is a really interesting play and an audience that like Shakespeare would like this play very much, but they may have many views to different characters such as Bassanio. I think that the producer would have made Bassanio act as if the audience thought he was a hero but the audience would know that hes really not. Where this play was written along time ago it probably does not have the impact to the audience now compared to how it did back then for example: the audience back then would know exactly how it is so they would like it better but in modern times the audience would first have to understand how life was back then before they could enjoy it like the people in the olden days.

Ban the burqa rhetorical analysis Research Paper - 1

Ban the burqa rhetorical analysis - Research Paper Example However, as one might expect, these alternative views do not appropriately reflect the views of the author herself. Rather, notwithstanding the well-articulated counter arguments and the issue of freedom and legality that they necessarily entail, the author constructs an argument for the complete prohibition at worst and discouragement at best of the burqa within society. As a means of quickly seeking to jar the reader’s attention from the rhetorical strength of those individuals who have come out against legislation banning the veil, Berlinski shifts to the isolated cases of sexual violence that take place in the lawless suburbs of Paris. As a means of distraction this is an effective tactic due to the fact that it instantly congeals the reader’s impression of Islam as naturally given to sexual violence, rape specifically, and depicts the male adherents as little more than sexually deviant thugs who are more than willing to cast aside all decency that a host culture, such as France, may have gifted them as a means of punishing those who dare to show a bit of self expression and freedom of strict Islamic tradition. As a function of shifting the debate from the broad to the specific, the author is able to convince the reader that her specific point of view is the most rational. This rhetorical approach is not unique; however Berlinski ap plies it masterfully. Right after eviscerating Islamic European culture for being broken, immoral, and unrestrained, Berlinski states, â€Å"Yet the burqa must be banned. All forms of veiling must be, if not banned, strongly discouraged and stigmatized† (Berlinski 2). The argument deviates further from the subject matter when Berlinski brings in the topic of gynecological examinations of girls within many of the recent immigrant communities within Europe. Although it is not the function of this author to make a moral judgment with regards to whether or not such a

MRP Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MRP - Assignment Example (Axsater, 2006). Especially in case of manufacturing industry, proper and efficient inventory management is one of the most important tasks. (Miller, et al, 2010). Therefore, various inventory management systems and procedures have been devised to assist the organizations with this challenging job. Some are manual; others are computer-based; while some can be used both ways. (Heisig, 2002). One of the popular inventory management systems is Material Requirements Planning. MRP or Material Requirements Planning basically focuses on managing the manufacturing process in terms of consumption of inventory and effective and efficient production of final goods. It is a computer based system; however, it can also be handled manually, if needed. (Heisig, 2002). It is a system that helps make sure that the right amount of raw materials and other required resources are available for production of the final goods, at all times in order to avoid any delays. (Axsater, 2006). It also helps minimize the level of excessive inventory and helps chart the near-to-exact amount of inventory needed for manufacturing process.

Interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Interview - Essay Example Harris’ office. The moment I walked into the room, I could sense that the atmosphere was very relaxing. The room was spacious and let in plenty of light, and there was a fountain running in the corner. The room had been painted with nice, soothing colors. Ms. Harris said that the standard Army counseling sessions are 90 minutes long. She said that the most difficult thing about her job is trying to help someone whose families are constantly moving every two or three years. Ms. Harris expressed frustration with her job, saying that most of the time she feels like she is just putting a bandage on the situation and is not making any long-term impact. The one positive aspect of the program is that it is carried out in conjunction with the military; if the abuser doesn’t stick with therapy or show any improvement, they will be discharged from the military. So, if they do not bother to participate in the program, they won’t have a job. This gives military personal more incentives to work harder. She also stated that the hardest issue is to know if they really want to change or not. As military members, they are supposed to show military barring. Ms. Harris commented that it can be hard to break down these walls because of how the military trains them to think. The U.S. Army Family Advocacy Program is dedicated to the prevention, education, prompt reporting, investigation, intervention, and treatment of spouse and child abuse. The program provides a variety of services to all active duty soldiers, retirees, and DOD employees and their family members to enhance relationship skills and improve each individual’s quality of life. This mission is accomplished through a variety of groups, seminars, workshops, and counseling and intervention services. The programs that are offered through the Family Advocacy Program include the Exceptional Family Member Program, New Parent Support Program, Transitional Compensation Program, and Victim Advocacy Pro gram. The Exceptional Family Member Program caters for soldiers who have a family member with special needs. The program provides community support, housing, education, medical, and personnel services to affected family members of soldiers. On the other hand, the New Parent Support Program helps soldiers and family members who are either expecting a child or have a child or up to three years of age. The program provides home visits, play groups, and parenting classes for military families with young children. The Transitional Compensation Program supports spouses of soldiers who have either been court-martialed or have been found guilty of domestic violence or child abuse. The afflicted family member is eligible for medical and dental care for a period of up to 36 months. Payments are made monthly and vary upon the victim’s status to the soldier. Lastly, the Victim Advocacy Program provides support to victims of domestic abuse and sexual assault. This program is available 24/ 7 and allows victims to talk with trained professionals about their experiences. The treatment soldiers and their families receive include intervention and therapeutic services designed to prevent repetition of abuse and to restore the health of victims and innocent family members who have suffered physical or psychological damage from abuse. Treatment also may include crisis intervention, education programs, short-term counseling, marital

Netflix Business Risks Essay Example for Free

Netflix Business Risks Essay For a low monthly price Netflix allows their customers not only to streamline videos on their mobile devices and computers but also choose from a wide variety of DVD’s. This allows for the consumer to watch as much which is beneficial for someone that has a busy schedule and would like to go back and catch up where they left off. As with every business there are risks associated with the everyday operations and I will go into detail as to what the risks are that Netflix has encountered. Business Risk I was a Netflix customer back in 2010 and I was pleased with the low monthly rate associated with a Netflix membership. This option was wonderful with a houseful of children that had different likes in what they watched everyone was pleased. As I carefully monitored my monthly bank statements the low price was at a constant rate up until the middle of July 2011. My monthly fee of $8.50 went up to $16.00 which nearly doubled. More than doubled. I made the honest mistake of not taking into consideration the economic downturn and what risks were associated with such a good deal. As the saying goes, if it is too good to be true it must be. With a household of 7 I had to outweigh the pros and cons of paying an additional $8.00 a month. While comparing the previous membership price along with the new membership price there was no return on the company’s part. I was still able to view movies via streaming online as well as DVD’s in the mail. So why did the the price jump? Pogue (2011) states, â€Å"This, as you can imagine, is not a popular decision. This isn’t a cost-of-living increase. This isn’t inflation. It’s a 60 percent overnight price increase — that gives you nothing new in return.† Not only was I the only irate customer. Netflix felt this chain of reaction across the globe, the consequence of a 60% price increased caused Netflix to lose 800,000 customers in their third quarter. Operational Risks Netflix’s Chief Executive Office Reed Hastings made the decision in splitting Netflix into two separate companies. One of the companies will be specifically for streaming movies on demand and the other company will be called Qwikster specifically for the DVD business. Blodget (2011) states, â€Å"And we can also certainly understand why, from the companys perspective, it makes sense to split the DVD and streaming businesses into two separate companies: Theyre different businesses, with different cost structures and different delivery, marketing, licensing, and management challenges, and they will be easier to run better if theyre managed separately.† Split in Two. It only makes sense to create two companies that would help them focus on their main objective. Since Qwikster will be for the dvd section library they have to take into consideration the costs of shipping out a dvd, the quantity of inventory in the warehouse as well as inventory turnover. Online streaming does not the same costs associated since the consumer is just a click away from watching at their convenience. Consumers are sometimes forced in choosing the DVD’s because as I have experienced myself some of the older and newer versions of movies are not available to stream online. For example, Willow was an all-time favorite of mine during my childhood, while checking the streaming library I came across the movie but once I had clicked on the title it showed it was only available via DVD. I have a very bad habit in returning the Netflix dvd given there are no additional shipping costs associated with the dvd, but the downfall for Netflix is that there is one less dvd out in the world and the inventory won’t be replenished until I return this movie. Financial Risk Netflix domestic online streaming has a committed amount of customers while domestic dvd are hit the worst. Netflix membership plans include $8.00 a month for unlimited streaming, for an additional $8.00 more a month customers can add unlimited DVD’s, and if the consumer is interested in Blu-ray disks then they would add an additional $2.00 on top of dvd price bringing it up to $10.00 for Blu-ray’s. Hurley (2012) states, â€Å"Nevertheless, gross, operating, and net income margins have been sliding steadily and substantially for several years. Moreover, Netflix continues to rely on subscriptions to its DVD’s-by-mail service to prop up net income. Although management officially altered corporate strategy to place emphasis  on streaming services rather than DVD-by-mail services and there are more than twice as many streaming subscriptions as by-mail subscriptions.† Strong Force. In December 2012 it was announced that both Disney (DIS) and Netflix (NFLX) announced a deal that would allow Disney shows and movies to be available to only Netflix’s subscribers. The result of this announcement resulted in Netflix stock rise to 15%. This is great news for consumers like me who is a Disney fanatic, now I will have a reason to stay with Netflix so that I can watch Disney movies with an unlimited amount of time. Conclusion When the price increase occurred back in 2011, I did cancel my membership because I was still feeling the economic downturn in my household. I would rather use that $18.00 towards filling up my gas tank rather than watch TV, in my eyes needs are more important than wants in my household. In mid-2012 I had a career change that resulted in a higher income. I now had a little extra play money to apply to a want that I once had and since Netflix allowed my children to be satisfied and allowed for some quiet time on my end, I went ahead and renewed my subscription. Being on Netflix for a few months I can say that I was extremely stoked when the announcement of Disney and Netflix working together. References Blodget, H. (2011). With all respect to Reed Hastings, the Netflix-Qwikster split bad for customers. Retrieved from http://finance.yahoo.com/blogs/daily-ticker/respect-reed-hastings-netflix-qwikster-split-bad-customers-160148340.html Hurley, D. (2012). Could Netflix bounce in 2013? Retrieved from http://www.wealthlift.com/blog/netflix-bounce-2013/ Pogue, D. (2011). Why Netflix raised its prices. Retrieved from http://pogue.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/07/14/why-netflix-raised-its-prices/